Ps2017 - Cga - Lab 9 (Anterior & Medial Compartments Of The Thigh)

Front 1

Femoral Artery (source, course)

Back 1

Source: A continuation of the external iliac artery distal to the inguinal ligament

Course: Descends through the femoral triangle with the femoral vein, enters the adductor canal and terminates as it goes through the adductor hiatus, where it changes its name to the popliteal artery

Front 2

Deep Artery of the Thigh (source, course)

Back 2

Source: A branch of the femoral artery about 1-5 cm inferior to the inguinal ligament within the femoral triangle

Course: Passes inferiorly in the medial compartment of the thigh, often giving rise to the lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries in the femoral triangle. As it descends it gives off several perforating arteries to the posterior compartment of the thigh after which it ends.

Front 3

Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery (and its three branches)

Back 3

Source: Usually a branch of the deep artery of the thigh, although it may arise from the femoral artery

Course: Passes laterally deep to the sartorius and rectus femoris and divides into three branches:
-Ascending
-Transverse: Winds around the femur, where it participates in the cruciate anastomosis of the hip with the medial circumflex femoral, inferior gluteal, and first perforating arteries
-Descending

Front 4

Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery (source, course)

Back 4

Source: Usually a branch of the deep artery of the thigh, although it may arise from the femoral artery.

Course: Passes medially and posteriorly between the pectineus and iliopsoas to wind around the posterior aspect of femur. Within the gluteal it contributes to cruciate anastomosis of the hip with the inferior gluteal artery, transverse branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery, and first perforating artery

Front 5

Perforating Arteries (source, course)

Back 5

Source: The three (or sometimes four) perforating arteries arise from the lateral side of the deep artery of the thigh

Course: The perforating arteries go from the anterior to the posterior compartment where they provide the only major source of blood for that compartment.

Front 6

Great Saphenous Vein (source, course)

Back 6

Source: Originates in the dorsum of the foot

Course: Ascends on the medial side of the leg and thigh, and then passes through the saphenous opening in the fascia lata within the femoral triangle. It terminates by draining into the femoral vein.

Front 7

Femoral Vein (source, course)

Back 7

Source: A continuation of the popliteal vein proximal to the adductor hiatus.

Course: It ascends in the adductor canal adjacent to the femoral artery, enters the femoral sheath lateral ot the femoral canal and terminates posterior to the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein.

Front 8

Tensor Fasciae Latae (attachments, innervation, action)

Back 8

Proximal Attachment: Anterior superior iliac spine and anterior iliac crest

Distal Attachment: Iliotibial tract which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Action: Flexes thigh

Front 9

Iliotibial Tract

Back 9

The iliotibial tract, or iliotibial band, is a thickening of the fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh) on the lateral thigh. It extends from the iliac tubercle to the lateral condyle of the tibia. This broad band of fibers is also the aponeurosis of the tensor fascia latae and gluteus maximus muscles.

Front 10

Sartorius Muscle (attachments, innervation, actions)

Back 10

Proximal Attachment: Anterior superior iliac spine

Distal Attachment: Superior part of medial usrface of the tibia

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Actions: Flexion at the hip, abudction at the hip, lateral rotation at the hip, flexion at the knee

Front 11

Adductor Longus Muscle (attachments, innervation, action)

Back 11

Proximal Attachment: Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

Distal Attachment: Middle third of linea aspera of femur

Innervation: Obturator nerve (anterior division)

Action: Adduction at the hip

Front 12

Pectineus Muscle

Back 12

Proximal Attachment: Superior ramus of pubis

Distal Attachment: Pectineal line of femur

Innervation: Femoral nerve (may receive a branch from the anterior division of the obturator nerve)

Actions: Adduction at the hip, flexion at the hip, medial rotation at the hip.

Front 13

Iliopsoas Muscle (attachments, action)

Back 13

NOTE: The liopsoas muscle is formed by the merger of two muscles: the iliacus and the psoas major.

Proximal Attachment (psoas major): Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Innervation (psoas major): Ventral rami of spinal nerves L1-L3

Proximal Attachment (iliacus): Iliac fossa

Innervation (iliacus): Femoral nerve

Distal Attachment: Lesser trochanter of femur

Action: Flexion at the hip along the psoas major

Front 14

Rectus Femoris Muscle (attachments, innervation, actions)

Back 14

Proximal Attachment: Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum.

Distal Attachment: The quadriceps muscles all attach via the common quadriceps femoris tendon to the base of the patella, and then indirectly (via the patellar ligament) to the tibial tuberosity

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Actions: Extension at the knee; Flexion at the hip

Front 15

Vastus Lateralis Muscle (attachments, innervation, action)

Back 15

Proximal Attachment: Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur

Distal Attachment: The four quadriceps muscles all attach via the common quadriceps femoris tendon to the base of the patella, and then indirectly (via the patellar ligament) to the tibial tuberosity.

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Action: Extension at the knee

Front 16

Vastus Intermedius Muscle (attachments, innervation, action)

Back 16

Proximal Attachment: Anterior and lateral femur

Distal Attachment: The four quadriceps muscles all attach via the common quadriceps femoris tendon to the base of the patella, and then directly (via the patellar ligament) to the tibial tuberosity

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Action: Extension at the knee

Front 17

Vastus Medialis Muscle (attachments, innervation, action)

Back 17

Proximal Attachment: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur

Distal Attachment: The four quadriceps muscles all attach via the common quadriceps femoris tendon to the base of the patella, and then indirectly (via the patellar ligament) to the tibial tuberosity.

Innervation: Nerve to vastus medialis

Action: Extension of the knee

Front 18

Quadriceps Femoris Tendon

Back 18

The tendons of the quadriceps muscle (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius) unite in the distal part of the thigh to form the quadriceps femoris tendon that inserts into the patella. The patellar ligament is the continuation of this tendon inferior to the patella.

Front 19

Gracilis Muscle (attachments, innervation, action)

Back 19

Proximal Attachment: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Distal Attachment: Superior part of medial surface of the tibia

Innervation: Obturator nerve (anterior division)

Actions: Adduction at the hip, flexion at the knee, medial rotation of the leg at the knee

Front 20

Adductor Brevis Muscle (attachments, innervation, actions)

Back 20

Proximal Attachment: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Distal Attachment: Superior part of linea aspera of femur

Innervation: Obturator nerve (anterior division)

Actions: Adduction and some flexion at the hip

Front 21

Adductor Magnus Muscle

Back 21

Proximal Attachments: Adductor part - inferior half of the ischiopubic ramus; Hamstring part - ischial tuberosity.

Distal Attachments: Adductor part - Linea aspera; Hamstring part - Adductor tubercle of femur.

Innervation: Adductor part - Obturator nerve (posterior division); Hamstring part - Tibial nerve.

Action: Adduction at the hip. Adductor part - contributes to flexion at the hip. Hamstring part - contributes to extension at the hip.

Front 22

Obturator Externus Muscle (attachments, innervation, action)

Back 22

Proximal Attachment: External surface of the obturator foramen

Distal Attachment: Trochanteric fossa of femur

Innervation: Obturator nerve (posterior division)

Action: Lateral rotation at the hip

Front 23

Saphenous Nerve (origin, path, muscles innervated, skin innervated)

Back 23

Origin: Femoral neve

Path: Descends through the femoral triangle lateral to the femoral vessels. It travels through the adductor canal with the femoral vessels and nerve to the vastus medialis but does not go through the adductor hiatus; it becomes superficial at the knee.

Muscles Innervated: None

Skin Innervated: Anteromedial aspects of knee, leg, and foot.

Front 24

Femoral Nerve (origin, path, muscle, skin innervated)

Back 24

Origin: Lumbar plexus (contains axons from the ventral rami of L2-L4)

Path: It goes deep to the inguinal ligament to exit the abdomen and enters the anterior thigh and femoral triangle lateral to the femoral vessels. It quickly divides into several muscular branches and cutaneous branches

Muscles Innervated: Anterior compartment of the thigh - Pectineus, Sartorius, Iliopsoas, Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis

Skin Innervated: Anterior thigh via anterior cutaneous branches, medial leg via the saphenous nerve

Front 25

Nerve to vastus medialis (origin, path, muscles innervated, skin innervated)

Back 25

Origin: Femoral nerve

Path: Descends in the adductor canal lateral to the femoral vessels along with the saphenous nerve

Muscle Innervated: Vastus medialis

Skin Innervated: None

Front 26

Obturator nerve (anterior & posterior divisions) - origin, path, muscles innervated, skin innervated

Back 26

Origin: Lumbar plexus (contains axons from L2-L4)

Front 27

Patellar ligament

Back 27

The patellar ligament is the continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon inferior to the patella. It attaches to the patella and tibial tuberosity.

Front 28

Inguinal ligament

Back 28

The inferior margin of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. It spans from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle. It forms the superior border of the femoral triangle.

Front 29

Femoral triangle

Back 29

The femoral triangle is a space on the anterior part of the upper thigh.

Boundaries: Superiorly by the inguinal ligament, medially by the adductor longus, laterally by the sartorius

Contents: Femoral nerve & its branches, femoral artery & several of its branches; femoral vein & its tributaries, femoral canal, deep inguinal lymph nodes (NAVEL)

Front 30

Adductor canal

Back 30

The adductor canal is a tunnel in the middle third of the thigh, extending from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus. It provides an intermuscular passage for the vessels and nerves that run through it; only the femoral artery and vein run the entire length of the canal passing through the adductor hiatus and changing names to the popliteal artery and vein

Boundaries: Anteriolaterally by the vastus medialis; posteriorly by the adductor longus and adductor magnus; medially and superficially by sartorius.

Contents: Femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis