Ps 272 Final Exam

Front 1

Affordance

Back 1

the information specified by a stimulus pattern that indicates how the stimulus can be used.

Ex: chair as something to sit on, flight of stairs as something to climb

Front 2

body-scaled ratio (PI number)

Back 2

information defining affordances is perceived by the action capabilities of the perceiver

Front 3

common coding

Back 3

stimulus representations underlying perception and the action representations underlying action planning are coded and stored together in a common representation medium

reflects the link between perception and action

Front 4

direct realism

Back 4

input is rich in information, unique and specific to a source (unambiguous) and does not require mediation

have direct access to the world we perceive

Front 5

ecological psychology

Back 5

attempts to look at the normal circumstances of perceiving; whatever is perceived is defined at the ecological (and not "physics textbook") scale

Front 6

effectivity

Back 6

affordances defined in terms of behavioral repertoire

Front 7

eigenvectors

Back 7

the symmetry axes of an intertial ellipsoid, connected to perceived judgment of direction

Front 8

eigenvalues

Back 8

used for perceived magnitudes of inertial ellipsoid, such as width and length of object

Front 9

event

Back 9

direct realists believe that perception is in terms of "events" with a distinct beginning and end, and not a series of instantaneous snapshots

Front 10

exproprioceptive

Back 10

information about the relationship between animals and their environments

Front 11

exteroceptive

Back 11

information about the environment (e.g. objects relative to each other)

Front 12

global change

Back 12

personal movement causes optic array to change, signifying direction and velocity of movement

Front 13

higher-order variable

Back 13

relational, single function variable that correctly maps what you are experiencing

Not hierarchical (not built from simple variables)

"proper observable" that provide a one-to-one mapping of environment

Front 14

horizon ratio

Back 14

eyes always correspond to the horizon. Anything above the horizon is taller than eyes, anything below the horizon is smaller than eyes

Front 15

inertia ellipsoid

Back 15

resistance to being rotated, specific for individual object

Front 16

inflow

Back 16

signal to perceiver that he/she is moving backwards

Front 17

invariance (two types)

Back 17

structural or transformational

Front 18

lateral flow

Back 18

signal to perceiver that he/she is moving sideways

Front 19

local change

Back 19

movement of object, signaling proximity to perceiver

Front 20

inertia

Back 20

resistance of object to a change in its state of motion

Front 21

normalization problem (?)

Back 21

problem with indirect realist's take on object perception--how do differing variations of objects come to be see as one type of object

Front 22

optic flow

Back 22

flow of stimuli in the environment that occurs when an observer moves relative to the environment

Front 23

optical expansion

Back 23

related to time-to-contact, movement and direction of object is coded in how it quickly it expands

(car moving slowly vs. car moving quickly--do not need to perceive distance and velocity, encoded in movement)

Front 24

origins problem

Back 24

another flaw in indirect realist thinking: how does input become meaningful

Front 25

outflow

Back 25

flow of structure produced when moving forward

Front 26

proprioceptive

Back 26

information about the animal (me and my limbs)

Front 27

size-weight illusion

Back 27

perception that smaller object with same weight as larger object is heavier

Problem became a 1 to 1 mapping (when it was previously many to 1) when using "moveableness" as affordance measured

Front 28

specificity (?)

Back 28

input is unique to a source, not ambiguous

Front 29

stimulus-response compatibility

Back 29

action is enhanced when it corresponds to perception

Front 30

structural invariants

Back 30

aspects persist when optical array is transformed by movement of point of observation; used to specify substances and surfaces

Front 31

time-to-contact (tau)

Back 31

defined as inverse of the relative rate of dilation of a closed optical contour

Front 32

transformational invariants

Back 32

aspects change when optical array is transformed by movement of point of observation; used to specify objects or perceiver are doing

Front 33

interference

Back 33

incompatible perception relation interferes/reduces performance of an action compared to a compatible perception relation