Protozoans (Protista) Bz1004

Front 1

What are the classes within Kingdom Protozoa (animal-like protista)

Back 1

Euglenozoa (mastigophora), Cilliophora, Amoebozoa (sarcodina), Apicomplexian (sporozoans)

Front 2

List locomotion for Flagellates, Cilliophora and, Amoebozoa

Back 2

-Beating flagella
-cilliated exterior (like many paddles)
-cytoplasmic streaming

Front 3

what are the characteristics of an animal

Back 3

-diversity, adaptation
-supports locomotion
-feeding, digestion, assimilation
-respiration/gas exhchange
-circulation
-immune system
- excretion and homeostasis
- coordination/sensory processes
-reproduction

Front 4

what are the characteristics of a protozoan

Back 4

-eukaryotic
-single cellular
-specialisation WITHIN cell
-marine, freshwater or terrestrial

Front 5

descirbe the process of cytoplasmic streaming

Back 5

the endoplasm rushes through the centre of the body into the leading edge of the foot. As it approaches the top, it is pushed out along the sides where it is converted into the ectoplasm for cell support. converted back into endoplasm to be reused.

Front 6

what are the modes of locomotion within the four groups studied

Back 6

flagellates - flagella
cilliates - cillia
amoebozoa - cytoplasmic streaming
sporozoans - body movement, wiggling etc

Front 7

Euglenozoa - lifestyle and feeding processes

Back 7

lifestyle - mostly free living, commensal and parasitic (FW, marine, soil)
Feeding - photosynthesis via chlorophyll, absorption and englufment via the food vacuole (autotrophic, heterotrophic and saprotrophic - absorbs food)

Front 8

Euglenozoa - body support and locomotion

Back 8

body support - cell turgor, cell membrane makes up the pellicle
locomotion- beating of the flagella

Front 9

Euglenozoa - general structure

Back 9

chloroplasts, stigma, flagella, single-celled, contractile vacuoloe, nucleus, paramylum granule

Front 10

what is the paramylum granule and what protist does it belong to?

Back 10

it is a cellular structure used for storing organic material. It belongs to the flagellates

Front 11

Euglenozoa - respiration and circulation

Back 11

via cell surface

Front 12

Euglenozoa - osmoregulation and excretion

Back 12

via contractile vacuole (water excretion) and cell surface

Front 13

Euglenozoa - reproduction and nervous system

Back 13

Asexual - binary fission
- responds to stimuli, stigma is sensitive to light, co-ordinated movement

Front 14

Amoebozoa - general characteristics

Back 14

-no pellicle, endoplasm and ectoplasm, nucleus, food vacuole

Front 15

Amoebozoa - feeding and lifestyle
-body support and locomotion

Back 15

feeds via phagocytosis (engulfment). lives in FW, marine and land
-cell mass,
cytoplasmic streaming

Front 16

Amoebozoa - respiration and circulation
- excretion and osmoregulation

Back 16

-repiration etc occurs within the cell
-excretion etc via contractile vacuole and cell surface

Front 17

Amoebozoa - reproduction and nervous system

Back 17

- binary fission
- responds to stimuli, co-ordinated movement

Front 18

Ciliophora - locomotion, body support, and feeding

Back 18

locomotion via cilium
support - cell turgor and pellicle
feeding - intake via oral groove and ciliary currents , digestion via food vacuole - engufment

Front 19

Ciliophora - general structure

Back 19

- 2 nuclei (macro and micro)
- cilliated
- pellicle
- contractile vacuole
- food vacuole
- endoplasm and ectoplasm

Front 20

Ciliophora - respiration and circulation, excretion and osmoregulation

Back 20

respi. etc - via cell surface. circulation, within body
excretion etc - via contractile vacuole and cell surface

Front 21

Ciliophora - reproduction and nervous system

Back 21

Binary fission and conjugation
nervous system - responds to stimuli, co-ordinated movements

Front 22

What is conjugation and in what protista does it occur

Back 22

occurs between 2 ciliates. micro nuclei split in two, macro nucleus breaks down. the 2 cilliates swap genetic material (2x micro per ciliate). the micro nuclei split into 2, creating 4x micro nuclei. each new nuclei split 3 times. 3 of the 4 break down and form the macro nuclei. one ciliate will form 4 small cilliates

Front 23

describe the structure of the cilium

Back 23

9+2 microtubles. 2 central tubules (connected as one and protected by a central sheath) surrounded by 9 peripheral pairs of microtubules.

Front 24

Protozoans - General characteristics

Back 24

-apial complex
-nucleus, mitochondrian
- all parasitic
- sexual reproduction in mosquito host
- asexual reproduction in human host

Front 25

what is the apical complex, and to whom does it belong?

Back 25

apial complex make up the structures on the sporozoans head which help to penetrate the host.

Front 26

what are the features of the apical complex

Back 26

-conoid: the outside sheath covering the mouth
- polar ring: mouth

Front 27

What is the life cycle of malaria (sporozoan)

Back 27

1. little malarial sporozoites within the mosquitos saliva glands enter humans when bitten
2.penetrate liver cells and multiply via asexual division
3. merozoites are released which penetrate liver cells and red blood cells
4. asexual division in red blood cell creates some sexually reproductive malaria and also causes cell to burst.
5. taken up by mosquitos. sexual development occurs in stomach of mosquito
6.sporozites enter saliva glands