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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What phylum do amoebae belong to?
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-Phylum Sarcodina
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Where do you find Amoeba P.?
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-freshwater on bottom debris
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What is plasmalemma?
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-the cell membrane that bounds amoeba
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What are/is pseudopodia/lobopodia?
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-blunt projections on amoeba
-for movement and feeding |
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List the organelles found in amoeba.
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-ectoplasm
-endoplasm -nucleus -food vacuoles -mitochondria -crystals -contractile vacuoles |
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How do amoeba move?
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-by cytoplasmic streaming. Forms pseudopodia
-ectoplasm appears stationary, endoplasm moves. |
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What is a Hyaline cap?
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-found in amoeba
-clear fluid continually forming at the distal end of the pseudopodium |
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What is the uroid?
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-the region that refers to the posterior end of the amoeba that crumples due to the forward movement
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What is plasmagel?
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-found in amoeba
-the rigid gel-like cytoplasm that makes up the ectoplasm |
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What is plasmasol?
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-found in amoeba
-makes up the endoplasm, loose flowing |
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How do amoeba feed?
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-forms food cups with the pseudopodia
-engulfs the food to form a food vacoule |
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How do amoeba digest?
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-lysosomes fuse with the food vacoules to delvier digestive enzymes
-vacuoles may subdivide into several smaller vacuoles to increases surface area |
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How do amoeba get rid of waste?
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-reverse phagocytosis
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How do cells within an amoeba distribute nutrients?
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-by cytoplasmic streaming
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What is the function of the contractile vacuole?
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-it is the main organelle of osmoregulation
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What are the 4 amoeba movement theories?
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1)Pressure Theory
2)Front Contraction Theory 3)Gel-endoplasm Shearing Theory 4)Movement involving actin Theory |
Give only the names. We'll go in depth on another card
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What does the Pressure Theory of amoeboid movement suggest?
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-contraction of the ectoplasm near the posterior end of the amoeba squeezes the endoplasm forward to form pseudopodia
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What does the Front Contraction Theory of amoeboid movement suggest?
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-suggests that endoplasm is not a homogeneous sol, there is a core of gel in the centre of the amoeba
-the core can contract in the region where the amoeba is going to form a pseudopodium -squeezes out water to form the hyaline cap -contraction pulls the whole core forward therefor collapsing the rear |
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What does the Gel-endoplas Shearing Theory of amoeboid movement suggest?
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-accepts most components of front contraction theory
-further suggests that a ratchet mechanism at the interface of the gel core and gel tube is responsible for moving the core gel past the peripheral gel |
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What does the Actin Involved Theory of amoeboid movement suggest?
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-actin is present in the ectoplasm
-supports the sides of the developing pseudopods -actin disassembles nears the tip of the pseudopodium, causing a concentration gradient, therefor pulling water into the pseudopodium -actin is then reformed and cycle continues |
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List the characteristics of Pelomyxa carolinensis.
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-larger than amoeba proteus
-multinucleate -has fewer but more blunt pseudopodia than Amoeba proteus |
3 of them
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List the characteristics of Entamoeba gingivalis.
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-lives on the gum tissues of man
-very small -pseudopodia are very short and blunt |
3 of them
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List the characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica.
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-lives in the intestines of humans
-eats bacteria in the intestine, may eat into intestinal walls -always reproduces asexually, done in 2 ways 1)binary fission 2)cyst formation -cyst is passed in feces and ill infect a new host if ingested |
4 of them
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What are the two testate forms of amoeba that are closely related to the naked amoeba?
What order do they belong to? |
1)Arcella - Chitinous domeshaped test with round opening at bottome
2)Difflugia - test made of mineral particles ingest and then embedded in a secreted matrix **Belong to Order Testacea** |
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Is Arcella binucleate, uninucleate or polynucleate?
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-All of them
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What is the main characteristic of the Order Foraminifera?
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-secretes calcium carbonate shells consisting of a single or multiple chambers
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What is multilocular?
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-term for many chambered shells
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What is reticulopodia?
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-long, slender, trhread-like branched and interconnected pseudopodia of Foraminireans
-important in movement, secreting the shell and trapping food organisms |
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What is actinopodia?
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-pseudopodia with internal skeletons of microtubules
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What are radiolarians?
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-marine organisms that secrete complicated siliceous skeletons composed of concentric hollow balls connected by radiating rods which continue outward as spines
-has a central capsule which separates the cell into intra and extra capsular regions |
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What are Heliozoans?
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-have actinopodia like radiolarians but don't have a central capsule
-everything else is like radiolarians(ie: food capture etc.) |
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