Protozoa Life Cycle Review

Front 1

Three protozoa that have simple life cycles are

Back 1

Sarcodines

Ciliates

Flagellates

Front 2

Sarcodines, Ciliates, Flagellates

Use what type of cell division?

Back 2

binary fission

Front 3

True or false

The 3 basic types of protozoa do not have much sexual reproduction

Back 3

True

Front 4

What are the 2 main forms or stages for basic protozoa?

Back 4

Trophozoite

cysts

Front 5

What is the Trophozoite stage ?

What happens during this stage

Back 5

Vegetative stage

They actively grown and reproduce

Front 6

Trophozoites have 3 ortanells of locomotion what are they?

Back 6

Pseudopida

Cilia

Flagilla

Front 7

What stage of basic protozoa is found growing and reproducing inside the host ?

Back 7

Trophozoite

Front 8

What stage is the dormant and resistant stage?

Back 8

cyst

Front 9

During the cysts are not this_______

Back 9

Metabolically active

Front 10

In the basic protozoa what form (mostly) leaves the host body?

Back 10

cyst

Front 11

Which form is survives the environment ?

Back 11

cyst

Front 12

true or false

Cysts are not the infective form?

Back 12

false , cysts are the infective form

Front 13

What form ( basic protozoa) in feces are present?

Back 13

both cysts and trophozoites but there may only be some trophozoites.

Front 14

How is a protozoa infection diagnosed?

Back 14

Fecal float or fresh smear

Front 15

If looking for a trophozoite in feces what method would be used? What is the time limit for trophozoites found in feces and why is this?

Back 15

direct smear

Within 24 hours because the trophozoites form can only live for short periods outside the body.

Front 16

Where are cycst seen ?

Back 16

fecal float

Front 17

In the second stage of the basic life cycle of protozoa:

Infective _____ are ______ by new host

Back 17

cysts

ingested

Front 18

What do cysts do once inside the host?

Back 18

they excyst

Front 19

What is formed after cysts have excysted?

Back 19

new trophozoites

Front 20

What do trophozoites do after excystment?

Back 20

they divide and reproduce inside the host

Front 21

What do trophozoites do before leaving the host (in the feces?

Back 21

they encyst

Front 22

What is the complicated form of protozoa called?

Back 22

Apicomplexa

Front 23

Apicomplexa protozoa of medical importance are labeled what type of parasite ?

Why are they called this?

Back 23

Obligate intracellular parasites because they must spend some portion of their life cycle in side a host cell.

Front 24

How do Apicomplexa cause disease?

Back 24

by destroying their hosts cells

Front 25

What cells do Apicomplexa usually destroy?

Back 25

Intestinal epithelial cells

Front 26

What is the one exception with regard to the destruction of cells? What is the disease and what are the cells that are destroyed?

Back 26

Babesia (canis)

Red blood cells

Front 27

Most important Apicomplexa type of protozoa are called this

Back 27

coccidian (coccidians)

Front 28

What disease does coccidians cause due to the type of cells they destroy?

Back 28

coccidians

Front 29

What is the only exception of Apicomplexa type of protozoa that is not called coccidian?

Back 29

Babesia

Front 30

What type is Babesia considered to be and why?

Back 30

Hemosporidians, because they infect Red blood cells (while the coccidians infect the intestines)

Front 31

What are the Three forms of Apicomplexa coccidians?

Back 31

Sporozoites

Merozoites

OOcysts

Front 32

How are all Apicomplexa coccidans transmitted?

Why is this?

Back 32

Fecal - Oral

Because the Coccidans infect the cells in the intestines.

Front 33

All Apicomplexa used _______ to infect the host, _____ in the host and _______ _____ in the host

Back 33

zoites

migrate

infect cells

Front 34

Where are sporozoites found?

Back 34

in sporocysts in oocysts

Front 35

What are the infective forms of Apicomplexa coccidians?

Back 35

Sporozoites

Front 36

What are Oocysts that contain sporocysts which contain sporocytes called?

Back 36

sporulated

Front 37

What do sporozoites look like?

Back 37

they are comma (or banana) shaped cells

Front 38

How many Sporozoites are found in an oocyst ?

Back 38

4 to 8 sporozoites per oocyst

Front 39

What happens after the sporozoites (sporulated oocysts) are ingested?

Back 39

The sporozoites invade the cells

Front 40

Once the cells have been invaded by the sporozoites what do they undergo?

Back 40

schizogony

Front 41

Where does schizogony take place

Back 41

the host cell

Front 42

What is the form that is released from the host cell that the schizogony has taken place in?

Back 42

tiny Zoitescalled Merozoinites

Front 43

What happens to the host cell when merozoites are released from them?

Back 43

the cell is destroyed

Front 44

Once released from the host cell what can merozoites then do?

Back 44

infect other cells

Front 45

When the merozoites infect other cells what are the two possible processes

Back 45

1. The merozoites can infect other host cells and undergo schizogony in them

2. can form male and female gametes to cary out sexual reproduction

Front 46

What is the form that the merozoines form in order to carry out sexual reproduction?

Back 46

Gametes

Front 47

What does the sexual reproduction of male and female gametes (fusion) result in ?

Back 47

Oocyst formation

Front 48

What form is shed in the feces?

Back 48

Oocysts

Front 49

What are oocysts the product of?

Back 49

Sexual reproduction of the male and female gametes produced from merozoites that were produced as a result of schizogony from sporozoites that were ingested as sporulated oocysts

Front 50

Oocysts sporulates form

Back 50

sporozoites inside of the oocyst

Front 51

Inside of the OOcyst are sporocysts and inside the sporoysts are

Back 51

sporocytes

Front 52

There are 2 exceptions to the usual Apicomplexa coccidian what are they?

Back 52

Toxoplasma

Sarcocystis

Front 53

What is the difference between life cycle in Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis and the other Apicomplexa coccidian's?

Back 53

They form cysts in intermediate hosts in the paraenteral sites (intestines).

Toxoplasma -the cat

Sarcocystis - the carnivore (the definitive host)

Front 54

The only other exception to the Apicomplexa is which protozoa?

Back 54

Babesia

Front 55

In Babesia where does the Apicomplexa life cycle take place?

Back 55

In the intestines of the brown dog tick

Front 56

Where do the sporozoites end up in Babesia canis?

Back 56

The salivary glands of the tick

Front 57

How are sporozoites of Babsia transmitted to the host?

Back 57

through the bite of the tick

Front 58

Once the sporozoites infect the host body they infect what ?

Back 58

Red Blood Cells

Front 59

What do the sporozoites form in the RBC's of the Dog (Babesia cannis) ?

Back 59

Trophozoites