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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a genome?
Eukaryote |
The haploid set of chromosomes that contain genetic material in a cell of a multicellular organism
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DNA is made up of what?
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Nucleic Acids
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What are the principle 4 nucleotides that convey information?
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Cytosine
Thymidine Adenine Guanine |
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A series of three nucleotides in sequence make up what?
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A codon
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What makes up a base pair?
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A-T
G-G |
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How many base pairs are in the human genome?
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over 3 billion
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What is the Transcriptome
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The sum total of all the messenger RNA molecules expressed friom the genes of an organism
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Why do we have some many different cell types of all cells have the same DNA?
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The Transcriptome is a reflection of the expression of genes. While all cells have the necessary blue print to be identical, not all are.
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What use is there for understanding the transcriptome?
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Biology
Disease pathogenesis Cancer Response to therapy |
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Define proteome
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The entire complement of proteins that is or can be expressed by a cell, tissue or organism
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Use real life examples to define the terms Genome, Transcriptome and Proteome?
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The Genome is the Blueprint
The Transcriptome is the The Proteome is the finished product (in this case a house/building) |
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Give some examples of protein uses?
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Enzymes
Antibodies Growth factors Muscle Breathing Blah blah blah |
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What exactly are proteins?
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Strings of amino acids that make up peptide sequences based on a code given from DNA in the form of mRNA
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How many amino acid codes can three base pairs make up?
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64
20 in reality |
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There are 61 codons in fact but only 20 amino-acids, what does this mean about the genetic code?
And why is this so? |
Degeneracy
Protection against mutations |
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Which aa does Transcription always start with?
and what does it stop with? |
Methionine AUG
UAG/UAA |
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Describe aa structure
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NH2--C(R, H)--C(OH=O)
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Name some post-translational modifications made to proteins that can alter their function
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Glycosylation
Phosphorylation Prenylation Hydroxylation Sulfation Methylation Proteolysis |
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WHat components are needed to assemble proteins?
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mRNA
rRNA tRNA |
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Which ribosomes do we have in our cells?
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40s and 60s which make up 80s
Sedimentation rate |
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What are the steps in translation?
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1 )mRNA produced
2) Pre-initiation complex Met:tRNA+40s 3) Met:tRNA+40s+60s |
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How do proteins know where to go?
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They are tagged by the ER/Golgi by signal peptide
NLS etc. |
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Talk about the different structures in protein manafacturiong
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primary = amino acid sequence
secondary = alpha-helices and beta-sheets tertiary = proper folding into its final shape quaternary = multiple subuints that form one overall functional protein |
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Proteins give clues to disease mechanisms and etiology
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It's true
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A knowledge of rational drug design is dependent on protein structure.
Give examples |
Monoclonals
Peptide mimetics Recombinant proteins (insulin) Blockers |
