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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phenylalanine makes:
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Tyrosine
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Methionine makes:
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Cysteine
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Oligopeptide
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4-10 AA
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Polypeptide
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10+ AA
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50-200 AA
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Protein
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alpha helix
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3.6 AA/turn
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Protein Mechanical Function
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Collagen: provides structure to tissues
Biomolecular motor: actin/myosin |
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Protein Enzyme Function
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Catalyzes chemical reaction
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Protein Hormones
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Insulin, TSH, Leptin
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Protein Immune Function
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Antibodies, blood proteins
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Proteins involved in fluid Balance
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Albumin and globulins
-attract fluid from interstitial space |
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Transport Proteins
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Causes 70-80% of energy expenditure at rest
-lipoproteins |
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Protein Energy Use
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Oxidative deamination
-removes N group from AA -Uses CHO to make glucose or ketones, ketones converted to acetyl CoA by neurons -excess converted to FA |
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Protein Digestion in Stomach
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HCl- Denatures proteins (pH 0.8)
Pepsinogen + HCl= pepsin (digests 10-20%) |
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Small intestine Protein Digestion
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Trypsin and chymotrypsin from pancreas
Peptidases from microvilli catalyze tri and di peptides in to AA |
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Protein Absorbtion In Duodenum and Jejunum
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1) Facilitated Diffusion- membrane proteins
2) Active transport |
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Amino Acid Storage
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Stored everywhere
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Increased Protein needs:
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infections, burns, surgery, pregnancy and lactation
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Strength and endurance athlete protein needs
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Strength :1.7-1.8 g/ kg (due to accelerated protein turn over)
Endurance: 1.2-1.3 g/ kg (due to use of protein as energy) |
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Problem with BCAA supplementation
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Can interfere with absorption of other AA, extra AA = extra energy; can become transformed into FA
Enters urea cycle- leads to dehydration |
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High quality protein
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1. Complete protein
2. Enough nitrogen sources 3. Easy to digest and absorb |
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High quality protein food examples
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Eggs, Soybeans
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Low Quality Protein
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-EAA are missing
-inadequate amount of amino acids -most plant based foods (except soy) |
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What is a complimentary Protein?
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Combining plant foods to achieve adequate AA digestion and absorption
eg. beans and rice Combine grains and legumes OR legumes and nuts/seeds |
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Study: Mid-life tofu consumption and dementia. Results?
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Very controversial don't worry !
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Holstein Cow
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Produces colostrum- becomes fresh milk after 72 hrs
300 day lactation period-9000 kg of milk Decline of ~9%/ month after peak lactation |
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Milk Composition
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-87.3% water
-3.9 % milk fat -8.8 % non-fat solids (Lactose, proteins, minerals, vitamins, etc) |
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Whey protein
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beta-lactoglobulin (65%)
Alpha-lactalbumin (25%) |
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Whey Protein isolate
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up to 90% protein, removal of lactose and fat
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Is whey good?
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Whey protein digestibility > casein protein
Source of BCAAs Stimulates protein synthesis more post strength training |
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Study: Exercise training and protein metabolism: influence of contraction and protein intake
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Results: acute bouts of resistance training increases protein synthesis
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Study: Protein ingestion prior to sleep helps post exercise overnight recovery
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Results: Protein prior to sleep= total EAA in blood
-Slow but consistent AA uptake to tissues -no difference in protein breakdown -protein synthesis greatly increased |
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Too much protein?
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Kidney filtration problem
Mineral losses (calcium drawing) Obesity- displaces fruit and veggies (high fat content in animal based foods) CV disease- from high fat and cholesterol animals Cancer- breast, colon, pancreatic and prostate cancer |
