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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the different classes of protein synthesis inhibitors.
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1. Aminoglycosides
2. Macrolides 3. Lincosamides 4. Tetracyclines 5. Chloramphenicol |
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List the different aminoglycosides.
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1. Amikacin
2. Gentamicin 3. Tobramycin 4. Netilmycin 5. Neomycin 6. Streptomycin 7. Kanamycin |
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List the different macrolides.
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1. Erythromycin
2. Clarithromycin 3. Azithromycin 4. Roxithromycin |
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What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides ?
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They binds to the 30s ribosome and interfere with the initiation complex, inducing the misreading of RNA. They are bactericidal.
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What is the mechanism of action of macrolides.
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They bind to the 50s ribosome and inhibit the peptidyl-RNA from moving to the donor site from the acceptor site.
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What is the mechanism of action of lincosamides ?
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They bind to the 50s ribosome and inhibit the peptidyl-RNA from moving to the donor site from the acceptor site.
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What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines ?
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They bind to the 30s ribosome and block the amino-acyl-tRNA from binding to the acceptor site.
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What is the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol ?
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They bind to the 50s ribosome and inhibit the enzyme called peptidyl transferase.
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True or false: Aminoglycosides and macrolides are the only protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics with a broad spectrum.
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False. They are the only ones with a narrow spectrum.
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What are the indications for using aminoglycosides ?
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• Aerobic Gram –
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa Combined with penicillin: • Staphylococci • Streptococci • Enterococci |
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What are the indications for using macrolides ?
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• Same as Penicilling G
• Legionnaire’s disease • Whooping cough • Mycoplasma pneumonia • Chlamydia Note: Useful penicillin alternative. |
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What are the indications for using lincosamides ?
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• Gram +
• Sensitive staphylococci • Anaerobes |
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What are the indications for using tetracyclines ?
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• Rickettsia
• Chlamydia • Vibrio cholera • Mycoplasma • Protozoa • Malarial prophylaxis (doxycycline) • Acne (doxycycline, minocycline) |
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What are the indications for using cholarmphenicol ?
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• Meningitis
• Epiglottitis • Typhoid fever • Bacterial eye infections |
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What are the adverse effects of using aminoglycosides ?
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• Nephrotoxicity
• Ototoxicity • Neuromuscular blockade • Headache • Tremor • Electrolyte disturbances • Hepatic damage • Rash • Fever |
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What are the adverse effects of using macrolides ?
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• Hepatotoxicity
• Inhibition of cytochrome P450 |
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What are the adverse effects of using lincosamides ?
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• Diarrhoea
• Nausea • Vomiting • Skin rashes |
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What are the adverse effects of using tetracyclines ?
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• Nausea
• Vomiting • Superinfection • Hepatotoxic • Nephrotoxic • Deposits in newly formed bone and teeth • Bone retardation • Teeth discoloration • Enamel hypoplasia Contra indicated under 8 years. |
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What are the adverse effects of using chloramphenicol ?
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• Idiosyncratic depression of bone marrow
• Aplastic anaemia • Grey-baby syndrome • GI effects • Optic or peripheral neuritis • Jarisch-Herxheimer-like reactions |
