Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Front 1

When an antibiotic binds to a 30s ribosomal subunit, what does it inhibit?

Back 1

Initiation of Translation
-misreading ot mRNA genetic code

Front 2

When an antibiotic binds to a 50s ribosomal subunit, what does it inhibit?

Back 2

Elongation of Translation

Front 3

What is the mechanism of aminoglycosides?

Back 3

bind to 30s subunit, inhibiting initiation

Front 4

When are aminoglycosides used? Why?

Back 4

Treat serious gram negative infections;

reserved for serious cases because of toxicity (oto and nephro) must closely monitor kidney and give at peak and trough levels

Front 5

Gentamycin is an example of which type of antimicrobial? What is it used for?

Back 5

aminoglycoside

opthalmic and topical use;
parentally for serious and/or nosocomial infxns

Front 6

Streptomycin is an example of which type antimicrobial? What is it used for?

Back 6

Aminoglycoside (protein synthesis inhibitor)

used in combination with other antibiotics to treat mycobacterial infxns

Front 7

Tobramycin is an example of which type of antimicrobial?

Back 7

Aminoglycoside (protein synthesis inhibitor)

opthalmic use; also used for inhalation for pseudomonal infxns in cystic fibrosis patients

Front 8

Neomycin is an example of which type of antimicrobial?

Back 8

Aminoglycoside (protein synthesis inhibitor)

Topical for skin
Orally to eradicate certain enteric bacteria prior ot bowel surgery

Front 9

What is the mechanism of action for tetracycline?

Back 9

Protein synthesis inhibitor (reversibly binds to the 30s subunit to block incoming tRNA) BLOCKS INITIATION

Front 10

Tetracycline is bacteriocidal / bacteriostatic

Back 10

Bacteriostatic

Front 11

What and when was the first broad spectrum antibiotic?

Back 11

Tetracycline 1944

Front 12

What is the spectrum for tetracycline?

Back 12

broad (gram +, gram -, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and rickettsia

Front 13

What is important to remember when prescribing tetracycline?

Back 13

cannot be used for pregnant women and children younger than 8

Front 14

Mechanism of chloramphenical?

Back 14

Bacteriostatic; blocks elongation by binding to 50s subunit

Front 15

When is chloramphenical used? Why?

Back 15

Only for very serious cases due to the toxicity:
aplastic anemia 'gray baby' or gray adult

Front 16

which patients cannot use chloramphenical

Back 16

Hepatic disease

Front 17

What is the mechanism for lincosamides? give an example

Back 17

Protein synthesis (by binding to the 50s subunit, inhibitiing elongation)

clindamycin

Front 18

What is the spectrum for lincosamides?

Back 18

clindamycin - broad and very effective against anaerobes

Front 19

What two medications share the same 50s ribosomal binding site? What might this cause?

Back 19

Lincosamides (clindamycin) and Macrolides

Front 20

What is the spectrum for macrolides?

Back 20

Broad-spectrum, including amebiasis

Front 21

Which antibiotic might be used for H. pylori? what class does this belong to?

Back 21

Clarithromycin (macrolide)

Front 22

What is erythromycin used for? What class does it belong to?

Back 22

Staph and strep in children (usually not effective against gram neg, except mycoplasma and legionella)

macrolides

Front 23

Which of the macrolides are more commonly prescribed? Why?

Back 23

Azithromycin and clarithromycin

better penetration into tissues and bacteria such as chlamydia)

Front 24

What are some adverse effects of macrolides?

Back 24

GI distress ;
tachyarthymias (prolong QT interval in ECG)

Front 25

Why is azithromycin commonly preffered over other macrolides?

Back 25

Less adverse effects (just mild diarrhea)

Front 26

What is the mechanism of ketolides?

Back 26

Bind to 2 separate sites on the 50s ribosomal subunit (inhibit elongation)

Front 27

Why do bacteria have a hrder time developing resistance to ketolides?

Back 27

bacteria would have to mutate twice to overcome the mechanism

Front 28

What kind of antimicrobial is Telithomycin (Ketek)? Adverse effects?

Back 28

Ketolide
same as erythromycin (macrolide)- GI distress and prolongs QT interval

**no longer on shelves**

Front 29

What is the mechanism of Oxazolidinones?

Back 29

Bacteriostatic ; Binds to a unique site on the 50s ribosmal subunit (blocks elongation)

Front 30

Secondary Lysosomes

Back 30

Material is engulfed by a cell (endocytosis or phagocytosis), the lysosome fuses with the membrane of the phagosome, enzymes are released into the enclosed phagosome, digestion follows, and the structure is then called a secondary lysosome (phagolysosome)

Front 31

Linezolid is a part of which class of antimicrobials?

Back 31

Oxazolidinones

Front 32

What is Linezolid used to treat?

Back 32

MRSA, VSE, and S.pneumoniae

Front 33

When takin Linezolid what should you avoid? What is a major adverse effect?

Back 33

certain foods (beer, cheese, wine, chocolate- MAO inhibitors)
and
SSRIs,
sudafed

May cause myelosuppression if used longer than 2 weeks. (must have weekly blood counts)

Front 34

What class of antibiotics does Synercid belong to?

Back 34

Streptogramins

Front 35

What is Synercid made up of? What is the mechanism? What is it used for?

Back 35

Quinupristin + delfopristin

Binds to 50s subunit
Quinupristin acts on late protein synthesis and Delfopristan works on early

MRSA and VRE