Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
When placing a preliminary tray with alginate into the mouth, what is the best sequence?
|
Front to back
|
just like wiping
|
|
|
Maxillary bone loss is in what directions?
|
Vertical and palatal
|
|
|
|
Mandibular bone loss is in what directions?
|
Vertical and cross-sectional shape of mandible
|
|
|
|
What is maxillary bone loss relative to mandibular?
|
Mandibular 4x > Maxillary
|
|
|
|
Tooth loss results in 5 main effects in the elderly?
|
1) Residual Ridge Resorption
2) Changes in intraoral structures 3) Decreased masticatory function 4) Loss of facial support and muscle tonus 5) Psycho-social effects |
|
|
|
What temp. water is used to wash prelim. impression after taking out of patient's mouth?
|
Tepid (luke warm)
|
|
|
|
How far lateral ought the impression tray extend Max or Mand?
|
4mm
|
|
|
|
Which colored line extends into the vestibule?
|
Blue
|
|
|
|
What colored line is marked 2 mm above the line marking the vestibule?
|
Red
|
|
|
|
What are the usual areas of undercut on cast during custom tray fabricating?
|
mylohyoid ridge
frenum buccal side of ridge |
3
|
|
|
what is the measurement of the thinnest portion of the master cast?
|
15mm
|
|
|
|
What is the depth and width of the Landing Area (max/mand)?
|
depth: 1-2 mm
width: 3-4 mm |
|
|
|
What is the depth of the Lingual space required adjacent to tongue on the Mandibular master cast?
|
1-2mm
|
|
|
|
Where is the likely thinnest portion on the mandibular master cast?
|
lingual sulcus
|
|
|
|
What is the most common reason for having to repeat impression making?
|
Incorrect positioning of tray
|
|
|
|
What is the height of the wax occlusal rim for the maxillary cast?
|
22mm
|
|
|
|
What is the anterior dimension width of the WOR?
|
6-8mm
|
|
|
|
What is the posterior dimension width of the WOR?
|
8-10mm
|
|
|
|
What ought to be the dimension from the peripheral turn to the lateral incisor area of the Mandibular WOR?
|
18mm
|
|
|
|
When mounting the WOR, the horizontal guide is placed where for reference?
|
2/3mm up retromolar pad
|
|
|
|
a coalescence of muscle and ligamentum which creates a raised bulge on the post. mandible.?
|
Retromolar Pad
|
|
|
|
The amount of separation between the Maxilla & Mandible at rest and when teeth are in occlusion:
|
Vertical Dimension
|
|
|
|
What are the primary and secondary areas of stress on the maxilla?
|
1) Hard Palate
2) Alveolar Ridge |
|
|
|
What are the primary/secondary and tertiary sl tress areas on the mandible?
|
1) Buccal Shelf
2) Retromolar Pad 3) Alveolar ridge (inclined plane of lingual) |
|
|
|
During resting position, what is the distance between arches (teeth)?
|
2-4 cm
|
|
|
|
Swallowing takes place in ___ ____?
|
Centric Relation
|
|
|
|
Alterations are made _____ in order to adjust the WOR
|
posterior
|
|
|
|
The impression surface, or surface upon patient's anatomy
|
Intaglio
|
|
|
|
The 'polished surface' visible and that serves as the external surface of the denture:
|
Cameo
|
|
|
|
Ala-Tragus Line:?
|
The line that is parellel with the occlusal surface, and connects the Ala of the nose to the Tragus of the ear
|
|
|
|
Why make a protrusive record?
|
In order to set the condylar elements for an articulator
|
|
|
|
What is the material of Regisil?
|
PVS (Polyvinyl Siloxane)
|
|
|
|
the physiological relationship of the mandible to the maxilla and the cranial base when both condyles are properly related to their articular disks in the most superior position against eminentia irrespective of tooth position or vertical dimension
|
Centric Relation
|
|
|
|
relationship of the mandible to the maxilla when the teeth are in maximum occlusal contact, irrespective of the position or alignment of the condyles and their respective disks. MIP
|
Centric Occlusion
|
|
|
|
What are 4 features of Centric Relation?
|
1) CR is a reference point
2) CR is related to the mandibular horizontal axis 3) CR an be determined both anatomically and physiologically 4) CR is an apex-of-force position of TMJ condyles |
|
|
|
the soft tissues along the junction of the hard palate and soft palates on which pressure within the physiological limits of the tissues can be applied by a a denture to aid in the retention of the denture.
|
Posterior Palatal Seal
|
|
|
|
the area in the edentulous mouth where the teeth should be positioned so that the forces exerted by muscles will tend to stabilize the denture rather than seal it.
|
Neutral Zone
|
|
|
|
the area in the potential denture space where the forces of the tongue pressing outward are neutralized by forces of the cheeks and lips pressing inward.
|
Neutral Zone
|
|
|
|
What are the 3 important surfaces to modern dentistry and prostho?
|
1) Occlusal
2) Impression 3) Polished surface |
|
|
|
In regards to Neutral zone, what are is the other name of the Intaglio surface?
|
Base
|
|
|
|
In regards to Neutral zone, what are is the other name of the Cameo surface?
|
Body
|
|
|
|
The forces exerted on the external surfaces of the teeth and polished surfaces are essentially ______?
|
Horizontal
|
|
|
|
As the mouth opens, the denture comes under the influence of horizontal forces from the ______?
|
Lips
|
|
|
|
The influence of the lip in terms of stability decreases due to ______ and _____
|
ridge resorption
age |
|
|
|
Ridge resorption results in posterior positioning of neutral zone and thus it is necessary to place lower anterior how?
|
more lingually
|
|
|
|
What type of impressions are taken to produce physiological molding of the external surfaces so they are functionally compatible with muscle actions
|
external impressions
|
|
|
|
What is the direction of Maxillary and Mandibular resorption?
|
Maxilla --> lingually
Mandible --> buccally |
|
|
|
The posterior palatal seal rarely varies between patients and is most often symmetrical. (T/F)
|
-Varies btwn patients
-NOT bilaterally symmetrical |
|
|
|
The defined function of the PPS is:
|
to maintain contact with the anterior portion of the soft palate during functional movement of the stomatognathic system : (phonation, mastication, degluition)
|
|
|
|
What is the primary function of the PPS?
|
retention of Maxillary denture
|
|
|
|
-reduction of gag reflex
-reduction of food beneath denture base -reduction of discomfort during contact -compensation of methyl methatcrylate resin dimensional change are examples of what? |
Secondary functions of the PPS
|
|
|
|
What forces does the PPS resist?
|
Horizontal / lateral torquing / tipping
|
|
|
|
the area of conact between the mucosa and outer polished surfaces of the denture base preventing passage of air between the denture and the tissues = ?
|
peripheral seal
|
|
|
|
the PPS may cause irreversible alterations to underlying mucosa?
T/F |
False; the partial vacuum created acts to prevent seal dislodgement for a brief period of time
|
|
|
|
extends thru the pterygomaxillary notch 3-4 mm anterolaterally to the muco-gingival jxn.
|
Pterygomaxillary Seal
|
|
|
|
Where is the hamular notch located?
|
2-4 mm posteromedial to the distal limit of the maxillary residual ridge
|
|
|
|
What tendon is found in the anterior portion of the soft palate?
|
tensor veli palatini
|
|
|
|
What are the 2 glandular openings found within the posterior hard palate and what is its function?
|
Fovea palatini
-palatal mucous gland duct opening |
|
|
|
Where is the fovea palatini often located?
|
1.31 mm anterior to the Anterior vibrating line
|
|
|
|
the fissure atop the hard palate?
|
Midpalatal Fissure
|
|
|
|
an imaginary line marking the beginning of motion of the soft palate
|
Anterior Vibrating line
|
|
|
|
What 2 methods are used to delineate the anterior vibrating line?
|
1) Valsava maneuver
2) "Ah" movement in short bursts |
|
|
|
the imaginary line at the junction of aponeurosis of the tensor palatini and the muscular portion of the soft palate
|
Posterior Vibrating line
|
|
|
|
Where will the denture base extend to on the maxilla?
|
Posterior Vibrating Line
|
|
|
|
Where is the PPS positioned?
|
Between the Anterior and Posterior vibrating lines
|
|
|
|
What are the 2 reasons for such small movement of the PPS?
|
1) transverse muscle pattern = little movement inferior-superiorally
2) the area of soft palate where the muscle is inserting = tendonous and less movement |
|
|
|
Which class of soft palate anatomy exhibits: more horizontal soft palate with minimal muscular activity.
- larger distance btwn vibrating lines -allows for wider more shallow PPS |
Class I
|
|
|
|
Which class of soft palate anatomy exhibits;
-acute contour of relative to hard palate -elevated musculature -high palatal vault -greater elevation of soft palate during fxn |
Class III
|
|
|
|
What class of soft palate anatomy allows for a more narrow and deep PPS?
|
Class III
|
|
|
|
What class of soft palate allows for a wide and shallow PPS?
|
Class I
|
|
|
|
Which class of soft palate anatomy is most favorable?
|
Class I
|
|
|
|
When marking hamular notches in regards to determining PPS, they should be extended _____ mm ______ to the tuberosity approximating muco-gingival jxn
|
3-4
anterolaterally |
|
|
|
What is the distance from the incisive papilla to the incisal of the central incisor in the WOR?
|
7-9 mm
|
|
|
|
What is meant by the MIG?
|
On the MAXILLA:
M = middle is most prominent for CIs I = Incisal is most prominent for LIs G = gingival is most prominent for K9s |
|
|
|
The lateral is place into the WOR with what characteristics?
|
- 0.5mm off the occlusal plane
- distal tilt of neck |
|
|
|
What portions of the K9 ought to be visible when producing the maxillary WOR?
|
mesial and middle
|
|
|
|
What is the overbite of the arches and how is this obtained?
|
0.5mm
by setting the mandibular teeth 0.5mm above the occlusal plane |
|
|
|
What is the horizontal overjet of the arches?
|
1.5 - 2 mm
|
|
|
|
What does IMG signify in regards to the WOR?
|
Mandibular Arch:
I = incisal is most prominent for CIs M = middle is most prominent for LIs G = gingival is most prominent for K9s |
|
|
|
retaining 1mm between incisal edges while speaking refers to____ ____?
|
speaking space
|
|
|
|
Overextension of denture may lead to what in regard to phonetics?
|
inability to produce "k" sound
|
|
|
|
What are the 3 main articulatory deficits?
|
1) omission of phoneme
2) substitutions 3) distortions ( most common due to prostho) |
|
|
|
What is the purpose of the upward lifting of the soft palate during speech?
|
to close off the nasopharynx for proper emission of sound
|
|
|
|
For sequencing and timing of speech, _____ are utilized by the premotor/motor cortex for enabling speech production
|
CPGs (Central Pattern Generators)
|
|
|
|
Vowels are ______ sounds
|
voiced
|
|
|
|
Consonants may be either _____ sounds or ________ sounds
|
voiced ; breathed
|
|
|
|
consonant produced when overpressure of air is built up in soft palate and pharyngeal wall and released explosively?
examples? |
Plosive
- p , t |
|
|
|
consonants with air being squeezed between nearly obstructed articulators creating a sharp, whistling quality sound are called?
examples? |
Fricatives or sibilants
- s, z |
|
|
|
A mix between fricative and plosive consonants are called?
|
Affricatives
|
|
|
|
Nasal consonants without use of oral exit of air are ?
|
m, n, ng
|
3
|
|
|
What is meant by the bilabial sounds?
What are they? |
-When lips contact eachother
- b, p, m |
|
|
|
What might affect bilabial sounds from being produced properly?
|
-insufficient lip support
- VOD insufficient -thickness of labial flange -anteroposterior position of ant. teeth |
|
|
|
What are the labiodental sounds?
and how are they produced? |
- f, v
-made between upper incisors and labiolingual center to posterior 3rd of lower lip |
|
|
|
What would result if the upper anterior teeth were too short or the denture was set too high up in regards to phonetics?
|
v sound will sound as a f
|
|
|
|
Linguodental sounds produce what?
and how? |
- th
- tip of tongue extending slightly between the upper and lower teeth |
|
|
|
Linguoavlveolar sounds ?
and how are they produced? |
- t, d, s, z, l, sh, ch, j
- made by the valve formed by contact of the tip of the tongue to the most anterior part of the alveolus or lingual aspect of teeth |
|
|
|
What sound is charateristic to all languages of the world and how is it produced?
|
- s
- tip of tongue comes very close to touching anterior teeth while teeth touch end to end or close in contact |
|
|
|
The frequent cause of undesired whistles with dentures is due to what?
|
a posterior dental arch form that is too NARROW
|
|
|
|
What are the velar sounds and are when might denture placement affect them?
|
- k, g, ng
- only if the denture extends over PPS |
|
|
|
If teeth are too far lingual the 't' sound will tend to sound like a ?
|
d sound
|
|
|
|
The space of 1 - 1.5 during the pronunciation of the 's' sound is called the?
|
Closest speaking space
|
|
|
|
Where is the Stratus D-2 guide placed to establish the posterior part of the plane?
|
1/2 - 2/3 up retromolar pad
|
|
|
|
When setting the 1st premolar on the mandible the ___ ___ is in line with the _____
|
central fossa
center of ridge |
|
|
|
With little space to work with , and so as not to creep up retromolar pad in setting mandibulars, which tooth would be the first to go for esthetic purposes?
|
1s molar
|
|
|
|
The lingual cusp of the Mand. molars and premolars should be what in regards to the occlusal plane?
|
.75mm below
|
|
|
|
The anteroposterior and medio-lateral curvatures in the alignment of the occlusal surfaces and incisal edges of artificial teeth that are used to develop balanced occlusion
|
Compensation curve = curve of Spee + curve of Wilson
|
|
|
|
The DB cusp of the first and second molars are where in relation to the MB cusp in order to form the compensation curve?
|
.5mm above
|
|
|
|
What cusps are the only that are found to make contact in denture fabrication?
|
the Maxillary Lingual ---> central fossa of Mandibular
|
|
|
|
Is cuspid guidance desired in denture fabrication and why?
|
No, due to possible dislodgement
|
|
|
|
What ought to be the thickness of the maxillary triad denture base at the palate and mandibular retromolar pads?
|
2-3mm
|
|
|
|
In regards to frequency and timing of dental appointment for those with Diabetes, what considerations ought to be made?
|
3-4 month checkup cycles (frequency)
Morning appointments scheduled |
|
|
|
What is a general definition of Combination Syndrome?
|
Rapid bone resorption and subsequent soft tissue changes beneath removable prostheses
|
|
|
|
What are the 5 hallmark features of Combination Syndrome?
|
1) Bone loss in the ant. aspect of maxillary ridge
2) Tuberosity downgrowth or overgrowth 3) Palatal papillary Hyperplasia 4) Hypereruption of Mand. teeth 5) Bone loss beneath denture base |
|
|
|
pnuematization, a shifted plane of occlusion, and the lack of posterior support may result in _______ causing more stress placed on teeth
|
mucosal stripping
|
|
|
|
What is the term used to address the necessary precautions and tx of Combo syndrome?
|
'Planned Prostho'
|
|
|
|
Where is the bone loss likely in Combination syndrome?
|
mandibular anteriors
|
|
|
|
What is an example of a Technical fix to edentulism?
|
endodontic treatment
|
|
|
|
What is an example of a Adaptive fix to edentulism?
|
complete dentures
|
|
|
|
Work life
Social life Personal relationships are examples of impact on what regarding loss of teeth? |
Self confidence
|
|
|
|
Secrecy
Guilt, shame Anxiety Lack of social support (not talked about) Difficult to accept are examples of impact on what regarding loss of teeth? |
Emotional impact
|
|
|
|
What are 3 common pitfalls of the dental provider for those with tooth loss?
|
Inadequate data gathering
Unrealistic patient expectations Attention, empathy |
|
|
|
The cross sectional thickness of the PPS is?
|
.5mm - 1.5 mm
|
|
|
|
What is the depth of the PPS across the hamular notch?
|
0.5mm
|
|
|
|
Functions of the PPS are:
-Create ____ ____ - Compensate for ________ - Keep _____ away from intaglio - Decrease ________ ______ - Increase _______ - Strenghten _____ _____ of denture |
- positive tissue contact
- acrylic shrinkage - food - atm pressure - retention - posterior border |
|
|
|
What type of epithelium composes the palate?
|
Keratinized stratified squamous
|
|
|
|
What is the lateral extent of the PPS into the buccal vestibule from the Pterygomaxillary ligament?
|
3-5 mm
|
|
|
|
What is meant by Throat Form?
|
3 classes of soft palatal anatomy
|
|
|
|
Posterior border of PPS may extend _____ to the ____ ____
|
3-4-5mm
fovea palatinae |
|
|
|
transition from hard to soft palate is 45 degrees and is located 1-2mm posterior to the fovea?
|
Class II
|
|
|
|
transition from hard to soft palate is sharp in angle and is usually at the fovea
|
Class III
|
|
|
|
The hamular process is an extension of which greater bone?
|
Sphenoid
|
|
|
|
Which frenum have musculature beneath them and what are those muscles called?
|
Buccal frena:
-levator angulai oris ( maxilla ) - depressor anguli oris ( mandible ) |
|
|
|
What is the origin of the mylohyoid muscle?
|
mylohyoid line of the mandible
|
|
|
|
What is the insertion of teh mylohyoid muscle?
|
hyoid bone
|
|
|
|
the bone that is left but is not going to resorb from denture forces?
|
basal bone
|
|
|
|
Which muscle insert at the retromolar pad?
|
- pterygomandibular raphe
- temporalis |
|
|
|
What composes the pterygomandibular raphe?
|
- superior constrictor
- buccinator |
|
|
|
Where does the buccinator originate and insert?
|
origin: pterygomandibular raphe
insertion: buccal aspect of mandible and maxilla anteriorally into orbicularis oris |
|
|
|
What are the major closers of the jaw /mouth?
|
1) masseter
2) temporalis 3) medial pterygoid |
|
|
|
What are the major openers of the mouth?
|
1) lateral pterygoid
2) temporalis ( post. fibers) 3) digastric |
|
|
|
when is bone resorption occuring greatest in healthy patients?
|
1st year post extraction
|
|
|
|
because of orientation during bone resorption, the mandible appears?
|
wider and longer (ant./ post.)
|
|
|
|
Class II Angle's Classification of occlusion
|
Retrognathic
|
|
|
|
Class III occlusion?
|
Prognathic
|
|
|
|
Dentures need to be reline every ____ yrs and replaced every _______ yrs.
|
- 3-5 years
- 5 10 years |
|
|
|
What basal bone is considered stronger (max or mand)?
|
Mandibular
|
|
|
|
rough projcections at teh lingual of the mandible on the midline
|
genial tubercles
|
|
|
|
space between tongue and palate
|
Space of Donders
|
|
|
|
What is the posterior landmark for the mandibular denture?
|
Retromolar pad
|
|
|
|
What are the posterior landmarks for the maxillary denture?
|
- hamular notches
- posterior vibrating line |
|
