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9 Cards in this Set
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- All cells share a few characteristics such as Cubical,spherical, or cylindrical shapes. - They all have a cell membrane - Cytoplasm is the matrix that is encases by the cell membrane. - All cells have 1 or more chromosomes containing DNA, RIBOSOMES for protein synthesis. |
- The Cell is the staging for Life Phenomenon ( Herdity,Reproduction,Growth,Development,Metabolism,Responsiveness, Transport) |
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- EUKARYOTIC: are found in animals, plants, fungi, and protists - metabolism,nutrition,and synthsies are functions of the organelles. - Most visible organelle is the NUCLEUS which contains DNA - Other organelles include the GOLGI APPARATUS, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, VACUOLES, and MITOCHONDRIA. |
- PROKARYOTIC are only found in the bacteria and Archaea.- They have no NUCLEUS or ORGANELLES. |
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1. Herdity: The Transmission of an organism's genome
2. Reproduction: Involves the generation of offspring necessary 3. Growth: Has 2 general meanings: Increases in size of population through reproduction or Enlargement of single organism during maturation 4. Development: Includes changes over the lifespan of an organism during maturation. |
5. Metabolism: encompasses the thousands of chemical reaction that all cells need to function. theses reactions either synthesize new cells, or release energy that drives cellular activities through Molecules called enzymes. 6. Responsiveness: Is the capacity of a cell to interact with external factors thought irritability, communication, or movement. 7. Transport: Is the system for controlling the flow of materials. this includes carrying, nutrients and water from the external environment into the cells interior. |
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- Viruses are considered nonliving because they are not cellular. - They are dependent of their host. |
Prokaryotic cells and bacteria domains : External: Appendages ,Flagella,pili,Fimbriae, Glycocalyx(capsule and slime layer) Cell Envelope:Cell wall,cell membrane Internal: Cytoplasmic matrix,Ribosomes,inclusions,Nucleoid/chromosome,cytoskeleton, endospore |
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1. Appendages:A projecting part of an invertebrate or other living organism. 2. Flagella: provides the power of long mobility 3. Cilia:provides the power of short mobility. 4. Filament: Is a helical structure composed of a protein called flagellin. 5. Basal body: A stack of rings firmly anchored through the cell wall to the cell membrane 6. Polar Arrangment:The flagella are attached at one or both ends of the cell wall. (Monotrichous:single flagellum,Lophotrichous: small bunches from the same site,Amphitrichous: with flagella at both poles of the cell,Peritrichous:around the cell |
- Nonflagellar Appendages: Fimbria: A fringe, don't provide mobility Pilius: hair-like, don't provide mobility. - in bacteria with pili participate in a mating process called Conjugation, used to transfer DNA not to reproduce. |
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- Glycocalyx: Develops as a coating of macromolecules to protect the cell and helps adhere to its environment. - Slime-layer: Loose shield that protects them from dehydration and the lost of nutrients. - Capsule: compose of repeating polysaccharids units of protein, bound tightly and has a thicker gummy consistency. |
GRAM- POSITIVE: - one layer - Peptideoglycan/ polysaccharides -thicker -no outer membrane |
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GRAM-NEGATIVE: - two layers -Lipopolysaccharides(LPS) -thinner -has outer membrane |
-Mycoplamas: lack a cell wall -Pleomorphism:can Morph into more than one shape |
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Plasmid: nonessential pieces of DNA Ribosomes: made up of RNA and protein Inclusion bodies: A storage place when you have an abundance of nutrients. Granules:contain crystals of inorganic compounds and are not enclosed by membranes. |
Vegetable Cells is the metabolically active and growing phase. Endospores exists in a inert, resting condition that is capable of extreme resistance and very long-termed survival |
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Sporulation cycle: 1. Vegetation cell 2. chromosome duplicated 3. cell separates 4. spore engulfs 5. spore activates and synthesis spore around layers 6. cortex and other layers dispose 7. spore completes maturation 8. the free spore is released 9. Vegetation cells is released |
Bacteria Shapes,Sizes and Arrangement: - Coccus: Spherical or ball shape - Bacillus: Cylindrical (longer than wide), a rod - Coccobacillus: rod shaped, but short and pumped, if it is gently curved it is a Vibrio - Spirillum: spiral shaped -Spirochete: corkscrewed, or twisted twice |
