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30 Cards in this Set

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Describe the cell wall and cell membrane of Archaebacteria
No peptidoglycan cell wall;
Cell membrane with ether linkages, branch-chain lipids, & tetraether monolayer
Describe rRNA and tRNA, and antibiotic sensitivity of Archaebacteria
rRNA with unique nucleotide sequences;
tRNA with unique sequences;
lack sensitivity to antibiotics
Describe Archaea Methanogens and what 3 types of -philes are they
obligate anaerobes, CO2 + H+ ->methane (CH4);
Extremophiles
Halophiles (salt lover);
Thermoacidophiles (live in geysers, hot springs, thermal vents)
Describe the Mycoplasmas, what are they considered to be?
No cell wall, gram-, aerobes; considered smallest free-living organisms; single-celled and filamentous types
What kind of bacteria are Mycoplasmas? Which includes agents for what disease?
some are saprobes, some parasites, many pathogens; pathogens include agents for “walking pneumonia” (Mycoplasma pneumonia)
Describe the Chlamydias and how can it be transmitted
Gram-, coccus, pathogens; intracellular parasites (obligate); transmitted from mother to infant
What are the diseases that are caused by the Chlamydias
Chlamydia, Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), Trachoma
Describe Chlamydia and what does it frequently cause
most common sexually-transmitted organism in U.S., and frequent cause of sterility and ectopic pregnancy
Describe Nongonococcal urethritis
#1 STD in the world; “silent” STD – often asymptomatic
Describe Trachoma
#1 cause of blindness in the world
Describe the Rickettsias
Gram- pathogens; obligate intracellular parasite
How is Rickettsias transmitted
transmitted to humans from rodents by bite of lice, flea, mite, or tick vector
How could Rickettsias be controlled
may be controlled with tetracycline
What is the history of Rickettsias
cause of many of history’s worst epidemics
What is the cause of Typhus Fever and Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever
Typhus (R. prowazekii) & Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever (R. rickettsii)
Describe the Spirochaetes
Tightly wound spirals; move with axial filaments; gram-
What are the disease causing members of the Spirochaetes
Treponema pallidum and Borrelia
What does Treponema pallidum cause
causes syphilis.
Can be congenital (across placenta to fetus) causing damage to CNS and death
What does Borrelia cause
causes Lyme diease (from deer tick vector)
Describe the Actinobacteria
Gram+; can resemble molds (filamentous with reproductive spores)
What are classified under the Actinobacteria
Actinomyces, Streptomyces, Mycobacterium leprae, & Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Desctibe Actinomyces
one of the most common soil inhabitants
What does Streptomyces produce?
produces antibiotics: streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin
Mycobacterium leprae & Mycobacterium tuberculosis are both what? What does myco- mean?
obligate parasites with waxy, resistant walls; myco = wax
Describe Cyanobacteria
Oxygenic photoautotrophs;
Unicellular or colonial;
Plate-like or filamentous;
Only organisms that can both fix nitrogen and produce oxygen
Describe the pigments of blue-green algae; what phylum are they under
with chlorophyll (green) and phycobilin (blue) pigments;
Phylum: Cyanobacteria
What are listed as cyanobacteria
“blue-green algae”, phytoplankton in marine & freshwater, Nostoc, Anabaena, & Spirulina
Describe the reproduction of Nostoc and Anabaena
asexual reproduction by fragmentation and breaks at dead cells or heterocysts
Define hormogonia and akinetes (what forms them)
Hormo: fragments that are formed during asexual reproduction
Akinetes: resistant cells formed by Nostoc and Anabaena
What type of bacteria are eaten for vitamins and what phylum are they under
Spirulina & Nostoc under the phylum cyanobacteria