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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe the cell wall and cell membrane of Archaebacteria
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No peptidoglycan cell wall;
Cell membrane with ether linkages, branch-chain lipids, & tetraether monolayer |
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Describe rRNA and tRNA, and antibiotic sensitivity of Archaebacteria
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rRNA with unique nucleotide sequences;
tRNA with unique sequences; lack sensitivity to antibiotics |
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Describe Archaea Methanogens and what 3 types of -philes are they
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obligate anaerobes, CO2 + H+ ->methane (CH4);
Extremophiles Halophiles (salt lover); Thermoacidophiles (live in geysers, hot springs, thermal vents) |
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Describe the Mycoplasmas, what are they considered to be?
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No cell wall, gram-, aerobes; considered smallest free-living organisms; single-celled and filamentous types
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What kind of bacteria are Mycoplasmas? Which includes agents for what disease?
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some are saprobes, some parasites, many pathogens; pathogens include agents for “walking pneumonia” (Mycoplasma pneumonia)
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Describe the Chlamydias and how can it be transmitted
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Gram-, coccus, pathogens; intracellular parasites (obligate); transmitted from mother to infant
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What are the diseases that are caused by the Chlamydias
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Chlamydia, Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), Trachoma
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Describe Chlamydia and what does it frequently cause
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most common sexually-transmitted organism in U.S., and frequent cause of sterility and ectopic pregnancy
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Describe Nongonococcal urethritis
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#1 STD in the world; “silent” STD – often asymptomatic
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Describe Trachoma
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#1 cause of blindness in the world
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Describe the Rickettsias
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Gram- pathogens; obligate intracellular parasite
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How is Rickettsias transmitted
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transmitted to humans from rodents by bite of lice, flea, mite, or tick vector
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How could Rickettsias be controlled
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may be controlled with tetracycline
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What is the history of Rickettsias
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cause of many of history’s worst epidemics
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What is the cause of Typhus Fever and Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever
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Typhus (R. prowazekii) & Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever (R. rickettsii)
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Describe the Spirochaetes
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Tightly wound spirals; move with axial filaments; gram-
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What are the disease causing members of the Spirochaetes
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Treponema pallidum and Borrelia
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What does Treponema pallidum cause
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causes syphilis.
Can be congenital (across placenta to fetus) causing damage to CNS and death |
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What does Borrelia cause
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causes Lyme diease (from deer tick vector)
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Describe the Actinobacteria
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Gram+; can resemble molds (filamentous with reproductive spores)
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What are classified under the Actinobacteria
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Actinomyces, Streptomyces, Mycobacterium leprae, & Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Desctibe Actinomyces
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one of the most common soil inhabitants
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What does Streptomyces produce?
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produces antibiotics: streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin
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Mycobacterium leprae & Mycobacterium tuberculosis are both what? What does myco- mean?
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obligate parasites with waxy, resistant walls; myco = wax
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Describe Cyanobacteria
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Oxygenic photoautotrophs;
Unicellular or colonial; Plate-like or filamentous; Only organisms that can both fix nitrogen and produce oxygen |
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Describe the pigments of blue-green algae; what phylum are they under
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with chlorophyll (green) and phycobilin (blue) pigments;
Phylum: Cyanobacteria |
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What are listed as cyanobacteria
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“blue-green algae”, phytoplankton in marine & freshwater, Nostoc, Anabaena, & Spirulina
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Describe the reproduction of Nostoc and Anabaena
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asexual reproduction by fragmentation and breaks at dead cells or heterocysts
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Define hormogonia and akinetes (what forms them)
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Hormo: fragments that are formed during asexual reproduction
Akinetes: resistant cells formed by Nostoc and Anabaena |
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What type of bacteria are eaten for vitamins and what phylum are they under
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Spirulina & Nostoc under the phylum cyanobacteria
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