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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why should you study programming languages?
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increased capacity to express ideas
improved background for choosing appropriate languages increased ability to learn a new language better understanding of the significance of implementation better use of an already known language overall advancement of computing |
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What are ways to evaluate a programming language
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readability
overall simplicity orthogonality data types syntax design writability reliability cost |
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What is the basic architecture of computers called?
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von Neumann architecture
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What happens in a von Neumann computer
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data and programs are stored in the same memory
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What are the four categorizes a programming language may be placed in
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imperative, functional, logic, object-oriented
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what are some of the conflicting criteria in a programming language
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reliability and cost of execution
writability and reliability |
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What is the von Neumann bottleneck
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When instructions are executed faster than they can be moved to the processor for execution
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What is the primary factor of the slowness of interpretive systems
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lack of floating-point hardware in the available computers in the 40's and 50's. all had to be done in simulated software
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Who created the first compiled high-level language
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Alick E. Glennie || Laning and Zierler (MIT)
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What system was the first algebraic translation to be implemented
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Laning and Zielrler system
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What does Fortran stand for
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Formula Translating System
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What was the first application for AI
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LISP
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What programming language is of central importance to any historical study of languages
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ALGOL 60
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What does COBOL stand for
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Common buisness oriented language
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What does BASIC stand for
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Beginner's all-purpose symbolic instruction code
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What does Fortran stand for
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Formula Translating System
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What was the first application for AI
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LISP
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What programming language is of central importance to any historical study of languages
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ALGOL 60
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What does COBOL stand for
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Common buisness oriented language
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What does BASIC stand for
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Beginner's all-purpose symbolic instruction code
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What is the most extensive and expensive language design effort
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Ada; United States Department of Defense
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What was the first language that fully supported object-oriented programming
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Smalltalk
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what is syntax?
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the form of a programming language's expressions, statements, and program units
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what is semantics?
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the meaning of a programming language's expressions, statement, and program units
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what is lexemes
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the lowest level syntactic units
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what is a token
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a category of a lexeme
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what is used to describe the formal language-generation mechanism
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grammar
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What is BNF. and what does it stand for
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It is a natural notation for describing syntax. Backus-Naur Form
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What is operational semantics
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describes the meaning of a statement or program by specifying the effects of running it on a machine
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what is dynamic semantics
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the meaning of expressions, statements, and program units of a programming language
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what is denotational semantics
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describes the meaning of programs based on recursive function theory
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What is the weakest precondition
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the least restrictive precondition that will guarantee the validity of the associated precondition
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what is parsing
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the process of analyzing syntax
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what is a top down parser
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traces or builds a tree in preorder
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what is a bottom up parser
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constructs a parse tree by beginning at the leaves and progressing towards the root
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what are some problems that may occur in parsing
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parsing algorithms that work with any unambiguous grammar are complicated and inefficient. The complexity is O(n3)
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what is a name
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a string of characters used to identify some entity in a program
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what is a keyword
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a word of a programming language that is special only in certain contexts
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What are the three extensions included in EBNF
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brackets, braces, OR operators
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what is static semantics
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has to do with legal forms of programs
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