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56 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the significant trends in body growth during this time?

age 1, height increases by 50%


age 2, height increases by 75%


weight doubles by 5 months, triples by 1 year

Cephalocaudal
head to tail
Proximodistal
near to far

What does the fMRI measure?

brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

Lateralization

certain function are located on one side of the brain (specialization)

plasticity and healing

the younger you are, the better you are able to heal or change

define experience- expectant growth

depends on ordinary experiences

define experience-dependent growth

additional growth resulting from specific learning experiences

what are the benefits of breastfeeding?

correct balance of fat and protein


nutritional completeness


helps ensure healthy physical growth


protect against disease

what is the cause for marasmus?

diet low in all essential nutrients

what is the cause for Kawshiorkor?

diet low in protein

gross motor development

crawling, standing, walking

fine motor development

reaching, grasping

milestones for fine motor development

prereaching


ulnar grasp


transferring obj from hand to hand


pincer grasp

visual development

supported by rapid maturation of eyes and visual centers in brain

scheme

Piaget's theory of cognitive structures and help children organize knowledge
1st scheme

sensorimotor action patterns
later schemes

deliberate and creative
Define sensorimotor stage
building schemes through sensory and motor exploration

how long is the sensorimotor stage?
birth to two years
what is the behavior between 8 to 12 months

intentional, goal-directed behavior beginning, obj permanence
Object Permanence
understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight
mental representation
structure in our mind, such as an idea or image
improvements in the cognitive system

Attention


memory


categorization



Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory: zone of proximal development
tasks too difficult for child to do alone but possible with help of more skilled partners
what are the Bayley Scales

cognitive


language motor


motor


social- emotion


adaptive behavior

nativist

(Chomsky) humans are pre-programmed with the innate ability to develop language

interactionist


interaction between inner capacities and environmental influences



social interactionist view

emphasizes social skills and language
1st speech sounds

cooing and babbling
telegraphic speech

2 word utterances-less important words are omitted (mommy go, or daddy play
Erikson's psychological theory
stage one:trust vs mistrust
stage two: autonomy vs shame/doubt

Stage one trust and mistrust

warm and responsiveness

stage two autonomy vs shame/doubt

suitable guidance and reasonable choices

appearance of basic emotion

happiness


anger and sadness


fear

What is the infant's most frequent expression of fear?

stranger's anxiety

social referencing

infants actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation

what the self- conscious emotions?

guilt, shame, embarrassment, envy, and pride

When does self conscious emotions appear?

18 months

What is emotional self-regulation?

adjust our emotional state to comfortable level of intensity so we can accomplish our goals

Temperament

self regulation and reactivity

temperament structure

differences in reactivity and self regulation

reactivity

quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention and motor activity

temperament structure one

easy: cheerful and adapts easily

temperament structure two

slow to warm up: adjusts slowly

temperament structure three

difficult: react negatively

goodness to fit

the compatibility of a person's temperament with the features of their particular social environment

What is meant by the term attachment

deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space

what is widely used laboratory procedure for assessment attachment in infants(1-2 years)?

strange situation experiment

who development the strange situation experiment?

Mary Ainsworth

What are the four major types of attachment?

secure


aviodant


resistant


disorganized/ disoriented

Secure

parent-secure base. will cry when parent leaves

avoidant

unresponsive with parent. infant not distressed when mom leaves

resistant

infant cling, upon return of mother they combine clingy-ness with angry

disorganized/ disoriented

greatest insecurity, depressed

What are the aspects of self development?

self-awareness


self recognition


empathy