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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the significant trends in body growth during this time?
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age 1, height increases by 50% age 2, height increases by 75% weight doubles by 5 months, triples by 1 year |
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Cephalocaudal
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head to tail
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Proximodistal
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near to far
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What does the fMRI measure? |
brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow
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Lateralization |
certain function are located on one side of the brain (specialization) |
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plasticity and healing |
the younger you are, the better you are able to heal or change |
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define experience- expectant growth |
depends on ordinary experiences |
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define experience-dependent growth |
additional growth resulting from specific learning experiences |
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what are the benefits of breastfeeding? |
correct balance of fat and protein nutritional completeness helps ensure healthy physical growth protect against disease |
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what is the cause for marasmus? |
diet low in all essential nutrients |
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what is the cause for Kawshiorkor? |
diet low in protein |
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gross motor development |
crawling, standing, walking |
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fine motor development |
reaching, grasping |
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milestones for fine motor development |
prereaching ulnar grasp transferring obj from hand to hand pincer grasp |
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visual development |
supported by rapid maturation of eyes and visual centers in brain |
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scheme
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Piaget's theory of cognitive structures and help children organize knowledge |
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1st scheme
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sensorimotor action patterns |
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later schemes
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deliberate and creative |
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Define sensorimotor stage
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building schemes through sensory and motor exploration
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how long is the sensorimotor stage? |
birth to two years
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what is the behavior between 8 to 12 months
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intentional, goal-directed behavior beginning, obj permanence |
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Object Permanence
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understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight
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mental representation
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structure in our mind, such as an idea or image
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improvements in the cognitive system
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Attention memory categorization |
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Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory: zone of proximal development
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tasks too difficult for child to do alone but possible with help of more skilled partners
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what are the Bayley Scales
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cognitive language motor motor social- emotion adaptive behavior |
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nativist |
(Chomsky) humans are pre-programmed with the innate ability to develop language |
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interactionist
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social interactionist view
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emphasizes social skills and language |
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1st speech sounds
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cooing and babbling |
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telegraphic speech
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2 word utterances-less important words are omitted (mommy go, or daddy play |
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Erikson's psychological theory
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stage one:trust vs mistrust
stage two: autonomy vs shame/doubt |
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Stage one trust and mistrust |
warm and responsiveness |
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stage two autonomy vs shame/doubt |
suitable guidance and reasonable choices |
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appearance of basic emotion |
happiness anger and sadness fear |
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What is the infant's most frequent expression of fear? |
stranger's anxiety |
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social referencing |
infants actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation |
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what the self- conscious emotions? |
guilt, shame, embarrassment, envy, and pride |
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When does self conscious emotions appear? |
18 months |
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What is emotional self-regulation? |
adjust our emotional state to comfortable level of intensity so we can accomplish our goals |
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Temperament |
self regulation and reactivity |
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temperament structure |
differences in reactivity and self regulation |
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reactivity
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quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention and motor activity |
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temperament structure one |
easy: cheerful and adapts easily |
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temperament structure two |
slow to warm up: adjusts slowly |
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temperament structure three |
difficult: react negatively |
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goodness to fit |
the compatibility of a person's temperament with the features of their particular social environment
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What is meant by the term attachment |
deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space |
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what is widely used laboratory procedure for assessment attachment in infants(1-2 years)? |
strange situation experiment |
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who development the strange situation experiment? |
Mary Ainsworth |
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What are the four major types of attachment? |
secure aviodant resistant disorganized/ disoriented |
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Secure |
parent-secure base. will cry when parent leaves |
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avoidant |
unresponsive with parent. infant not distressed when mom leaves |
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resistant |
infant cling, upon return of mother they combine clingy-ness with angry |
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disorganized/ disoriented |
greatest insecurity, depressed |
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What are the aspects of self development? |
self-awareness self recognition empathy |