Prod 250 Lmu

Front 1

brightness

Back 1

The color attribute that determines how dark or light a color appears on the
monochrome television screen or how much light the color reflects. Also called lightness.

Front 2

camcorder

Back 2

A portable camera with the VTR attached or built into it to form a single unit.

Front 3

camera chain

Back 3

The television camera (head) and associated electronic equipment, including the camera control unit, sync generator, and power supply.

Front 4

camera control unit (CCU)

Back 4

Equipment, separate from
the camera head, that contains various video controls, including registration, color
balance, contrast, and brightness, that enable the video operator to adjust the camera picture during a show.

Front 5

camera head

Back 5

The actual television camera, which is at the head of a chain of essential electronic accessories. It is composed of the imaging device, lens, and viewfinder. In ENG/EFP cameras, the camera head contains all the elements of the camera chain.

Front 6

charge-coupled device (CCD)

Back 6

The imaging device in a television camera. Usually called
the chip.

Front 7

chip

Back 7

A common name for the camera imaging device. Technically, it is known as the
charge-coupled device (CCD). The chip consists of a great number of imaging sensing
elements, called pixels, that translate the optical (light) image into an electronic video
signal. Also called the camera pickup device.

Front 8

chrominance channel

Back 8

The color (chroma) channels within the color camera. A separate
chrominance channel is responsible for each of the three basic color signals: red, green,and blue.

Front 9

contrast ratio

Back 9

The difference between the brightest and the darkest spots in the picture (often measured by reflected light in foot-candles). The optimal contrast ratio for analog cameras is normally 40:1 or slightly higher, which means that the brightest spot in the picture should not be more than forty times brighter than the darkest spot. For DTV it can exceed this ratio, depending on the quality of the camera.

Front 10

ENG/EFP cameras and camcorders

Back 10

High-quality portable field production cameras. When the camera is docked with a VTR, or has a VTR built into it, it is called a camcorder.

Front 11

gain

Back 11

Electronic amplification of the video signal.

Front 12

HDTV camera

Back 12

Studio camera that delivers pictures of superior resolution, color fidelity, and light-and-dark contrast; uses a high-quality CCD as its imaging device.

Front 13

hue

Back 13

One of the three basic color attributes; hue is the color itself-red, green, yellow, and
so on.

Front 14

luminance channel

Back 14

A separate channel within color cameras that deals with brightness
variations and allows them to produce a signal receivable on a black- and-white
television. The luminance signal is usually electronically derived from the chrominance
signals.

Front 15

moiré effect

Back 15

Color vibrations that occur when narrow, contrasting stripes of a design
interfere with the scanning lines of the television system.

Front 16

operating light level

Back 16

Amount of light needed by the camera to produce a video signal.

Front 17

pixel

Back 17

Short for picture element. A single imaging element (like the single dot in a
newspaper picture) that can be identified by a computer. The more pixels, the higher the
picture quality.

Front 18

resolution

Back 18

The characteristic of a camera that determines the sharpness of the picture
received. The lower a camera's resolution, the Jess fine picture detail it can show.
Resolution is influenced by the imaging device, the lens, and the television set that shows
the camera picture.

Front 19

saturation

Back 19

The color attribute that describes a color's richness or strength.

Front 20

signal-to-noise (SIN) ratio

Back 20

The relation of the strength of the desired signal to the
accompanying electronic interference (the noise). A high SIN ratio is desirable (strong
video or audio signal relative to weak noise).

Front 21

studio camera

Back 21

Heavy, high-quality camera and zoom lens that cannot be maneuvered
properly without the aid of a pedestal or some other type of camera mount.

Front 22

sync

Back 22

Electronic pulses that synchronize the scanning in the various video origination
sources (studio camera, remote cameras) and various recording, processing, and
reproduction sources (videotape, monitors, television receivers).

Front 23

sync generator

Back 23

Part of the camera chain; produces electronic synchronization pulses.

Front 24

aperture

Back 24

Iris opening of a lens, usually measured in I-stops.

Front 25

auto-focus

Back 25

Automated feature wherein the camera focuses on what it senses to be
your target object.

Front 26

calibrate

Back 26

To preset a zoom lens to remain in focus throughout the zoom.

Front 27

compression

Back 27

The crowding effect achieved by a narrow-angle (telephoto) lens
wherein object proportions and relative distances seem shallower.

Front 28

depth of field

Back 28

The area in which all objects, located at different distances from the
camera, appear in focus. Depth of field depends upon focal length of the lens, its I-stop,
and the distance between the object and the camera.

Front 29

digital zoom

Back 29

Simulated zoom by enlarging the image pixels.

Front 30

digital zoom lens

Back 30

A lens that can be programmed through a small built-in computer
to repeat zoom positions and their corresponding focus settings.

Front 31

fast lens

Back 31

A lens that permits a relatively great amount of light to pass through (lower
minimum I-stop number). Can be used in low-light conditions.

Front 32

field of view

Back 32

The portion of a scene visible through a particular lens; its vista.
Expressed in symbols, such as CU for close-up.

Front 33

focal length

Back 33

The distance from the optical center of the lens to the front surface of the
camera imaging device at which the image appears in focus with the tens set at infinity.
Focal lengths are measured in millimeters or inches.

Front 34

focus

Back 34

A picture is in focus when it appears sharp and clear on-screen (technically, the
point where the light rays refracted by the lens converge).

Front 35

f-stop

Back 35

The calibration on the lens indicating the aperture, or iris opening (and
therefore the amount Of light transmitted through the lens). The larger the I-stop number,
the smaller the aperture; the smaller the I-stop number, the larger the aperture.

Front 36

iris

Back 36

Adjustable lens-opening that controls the amount of light passing through the
lens, Also called lens diaphragm.

Front 37

macro position

Back 37

Position on a zoom lens that allows it to be focused at very close
distances from an object Used for close-ups of small objects.

Front 38

minimum object distance (MOD)

Back 38

How close the camera can get to the object and
still focus on it.

Front 39

narrow-angle lens

Back 39

Gives a close up view of an event relatively far away from the
camera, Also called long-focal-length or telephoto lens.

Front 40

normal lens

Back 40

A lens or zoom lens position with a focal length that will approximate
the spatial relationships of normal vision.

Front 41

rack focus

Back 41

To change focus from one object or person closer to the camera to one
farther away or vice versa.

Front 42

range extender

Back 42

An optical attachment to the zoom lens that extends its focal length
Also called an extender.

Front 43

selective focus

Back 43

Emphasizing an object in a shallow depth of field through focus while
keeping its foreground and background out of focus.

Front 44

servo zoom control

Back 44

Zoom control that activates motor-driven mechanisms.

Front 45

slow lens

Back 45

A lens that permits a relative1y small amount of
light to pass through (higher minimum f-stop number). Can be used only in well-
lighted areas, wide-angle lens A short-focal-length Jens that provides a broad vista of a
scene.

Front 46

zoom lens

Back 46

Variable-focal-length lens. It can gradually change from a wide shot to a
close-up and vice versa in one continuous move.

Front 47

zoom range

Back 47

The degree to which the focal length can be changed from a wide shot to
a close-up during a zoom. The zoom range is often stated as a ratio; a 15: 1 zoom ratio
means that the zoom lens can increase its focal length fifteen times.

Front 48

incandescent

Back 48

the light produced by the hot tungsten filament of ordinary glass globe or quartz iodine light bulbs (in contrast to fluorescent light)

Front 49

incident light

Back 49

light that strikes the object directly from its source. an incident light reading is the measure of light in foot candles (or lux) from the object to the light source. the foot candle (or lux) meter is pointed directly into the light source or toward the camera.

Front 50

Kelvin degrees

Back 50

a measure of color temperature; the relative reddishness or bluishness of white light.

Front 51

lumen

Back 51

the light intensity power of one candle (light source radiating isotropically, i.e., in all directions)

Front 52

luminaire

Back 52

technical term for lighting instrument

Front 53

luminant

Back 53

lamp that produces the light; the light source

Front 54

lux

Back 54

european standard unit for measuring light intensity. 10.75 lux = 1 fc. usually roughly translated as 10 lux = 1 fc.

Front 55

neutral density (ND) filter

Back 55

filter that reduces the incoming light without distorting the color of the scene.

Front 56

patchboard

Back 56

a device that connects various inputs with specific outputs. also called patchbay

Front 57

pattern projector

Back 57

an ellipsoidal spotlight with a cookie (cucalorus) insert, which projects the cookie's pattern as a cast shadow.

Front 58

quartz

Back 58

a high intensity light whose lamp consists of a quarts or a silica housing (instead of the customary glass) and a tungsten-halogen filament. produces a very bright light of stable color temperature (3,200 K)

Front 59

reflected light

Back 59

light that is bounced off the illuminated object. a reflected-light reading is done with a light meter held close to the illuminated object.

Front 60

scoop

Back 60

a scooplike television floodlight

Front 61

scrim

Back 61

a spun glass material that is put in front of a lighting instrument as an additional light diffuser

Front 62

softlight

Back 62

television floodlight that produces extremely diffused light. it has a panlike reflector and a light-diffusing material over its opening

Front 63

spotlight

Back 63

a lighting instrument that produces directional, relatively undiffused light with a relatively well defined beam edge.

Front 64

white balance

Back 64

the adjustments of the color circuits in teh camera to produce a white color in lighting of various color temperatures (relative reddishness or bluishness of white light)

Front 65

baselight

Back 65

even, diffused light necessary for the camera to operate optimally. normal baselight levels are 2,000 lux at f/5.6 (150 to 200 foot candles). Also called "base"

Front 66

broad

Back 66

a floodlight with a broadside, panlike reflector

Front 67

clip light

Back 67

small internal reflector bulb that is clipped to pieces of scenery or furniture with a gator clip

Front 68

color temperature

Back 68

relative reddishness or bluishness of light, as measured in Kelvin. the norm for indoor tv lighting is 3200 k, for outdoors, 5600 k

Front 69

cucalorus

Back 69

any pattern cut out of thin metal that, when placed in front of an ellipsoidal spotlight (patter, projector) produces a shadow pattern. also called a cookie.

Front 70

dimmer

Back 70

a device that controls the intensity of the light by throttling the electric current flowing to the lamp.

Front 71

ellipsoidal spotlight

Back 71

spotlight producing a very defined beam, which can be shaped further by metal shutters..

Front 72

flag

Back 72

a thin, rectangular sheet of metal, plastic or cloth used to block light from falling on specific aeras

Front 73

floodlight

Back 73

lightning instrument that produces diffused light with a relatively undefined beam edge

Front 74

flueorescent

Back 74

lamps that generate light by activating a gas filled tube to give off ultraviolet radiation, which lights up the phosphorous coating inside the tubes

Front 75

follow spot

Back 75

powerful special effects spotlight used primarily to simulate theater stage effects. it generally follows action, such as dancers, ice skaters or single performers moving in front of a stage curtain

Front 76

foot-candle (fc)

Back 76

the unit of measurement of illumination, or the amount of light that falls on an object

Front 77

fresnel spotlight

Back 77

one of the most common spotlights named after the inventor of its lens. it has steplike concentric rings

Front 78

gel

Back 78

generic term for color filters put in front of spotlights or floodlights to give the light beam a specific hue.

Front 79

HMI light

Back 79

stands for hydragyrum medium arc-length iodide. an extremely efficient, high-intensity light that burns at 5600K - the outdoor illumination norm. It needs an additional piece of equipment, a ballast, to operate properly.

Front 80

knee shot

Back 80

framing of a person from approximately the knees up

Front 81

leadroom

Back 81

the space left in front of a person or object moving toward the edge of the screen

Front 82

medium shot

Back 82

object seen from a medium distance. covers any framing between a long shot and a close up.

Front 83

noseroom

Back 83

the space left in front of a person looking or pointing toward the edge of the screen.

Front 84

over-the-shoulder (o/s)

Back 84

camera looks over a person's shoulder (shoulder and back of head included in shot) at another person.

Front 85

shot sheet

Back 85

a list of every shot a particular camera has to get. it is attached to the camera to help the camera operator remember a shot sequence.

Front 86

z-axis

Back 86

line representing an extension of the lens from the camera to the horizon-the depth dimension

Front 87

AGC

Back 87

automatic gain control. regulates the volume of the audio or video level automatically, without using pots.

Front 88

bust shot

Back 88

framing of a person from the upper torso to the top of the head

Front 89

close-up

Back 89

object or any part of it seen at close range and framed tightly.

Front 90

closure

Back 90

short for psychological closure. mentally filling in spaces of an incomplete picture.

Front 91

follow focus

Back 91

controlling the focus of the lens so that the image of an object is continuously kept sharp and clear, regardless of whether the camera and or object move.

Front 92

headroom

Back 92

the space left between the top of the head and the upper screen edge