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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is erosion and name three examples of landforms made by it
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Erosion is the wearing away of the weaker layers of rock due to the natural elements. Forms: - rock platforms - caves - arches |
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What does the process of transportation involve. Name three processes
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carrying materials such as rocks and sediments around the coastal area Types: - waves - longshore drift - rips |
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What are rips and how can you spot one?
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Strong narrow current flows between sand bars in a deep channel - Consistent darker patches and calm, moving, disturbed surface |
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What is deposition? Name three coastal features formed by this process
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The laying down of particles such as rock and sediment in layers Forms: - spits - beaches/sand bars/sand dunes - tombolos |
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What is longshore drift and what are three solutions?
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transportation of sediments along a coast at an angle to the shoreline, which is dependent on prevailing wind direction, swash and backwash. Solutions: - groynes - planting vegetation - beach nourishment |
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What are the types of waves? How can you tell them apart
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constructive: swash>backwash and destructive: swash<backwash - spilling (rises and breaks gently) - plunging (curls at the top) - surging (rushes up the shore) |
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Name two wave erosion processes
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- hydraulic action - corrosion |
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What affects wave intensity?
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- velocity -duration - wavelength |
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Describe the process of longshore drift
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- swash carries the material up the beach following the direction of the wave (prevailing wind) - Backwash moves material straight back down due to gravity - continues |
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How are headlands and bays created?
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Headlands and bays are formed along coastlines with alternating resistant and less resistant rock. Where there is less resistant rock, the coast erodes more quickly and a bay is formed while whereas with more resistant rock, it erodes more slowly and leaves a headland jutting out into the sea.
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What is wave refraction?
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As waves approach the coast, they bend to reflect the shape coastline. Wave energy is concentrated around the headlands (as they are more exposed) forming landforms such as cliff and rock platforms.
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How are sand dunes formed?
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- sand is moved the beach in swash - Wind blows dry sand to the back of the beach to form the fore dunes - Spinifex and marram bind sand - small plants and shrubs grow: backdunes |
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How are sand dunes helpful?
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- They stop erosive waves - stop sand being blown inland - protect property |
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