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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The kidneys are ________ structures
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Retroperitoneal structures
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The ureters enter the ___________ aspect of the bladder
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posterolateral
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kidneys lie on the _______ surface of each psoas major muscle.
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anterior
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What angle is used for AP cystogram
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10 to 15 caudad
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Which position during IVU will place the left kidney parallel to the IR?
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RPO
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abnormal drop of kidneys when erect (drop of 2 inches or 5 cm)
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nephroptosis
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creates 20 degree angle between upper and lower pole of kidney
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psoas major muscles
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total functioning portion of kidney
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renal parenchyma
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older term for glomerular capsule.
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bowmans capsule
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_____ arterioles carry blood to the glomeruli
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afferent
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glomerular capsule & proximal and distal convoluted tubules are located in the ___ of the kidney
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cortex
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____ drain into the minor calyx
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renal pyramids
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small gland inferior to male bladder
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prostate
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total capacity of adult bladder
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350 - 500 ml
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formed by the two ureters entering and the urethra exiting
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trigone
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loop of henle is found in which part of the kidney
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medulla
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___ % of filtrate volume is reabsorbed by the kidneys and returned to bloodstream.
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99 %
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leakage of contrast media from a vessel into surrounding soft tissue
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extravasation
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normal creatinine levels for adult
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0.6 - 1.5 mg/dl.
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normal BUN levels
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8-25 mg/100ml
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if a possible fistula exists between the bladder and uterus or rectum a ______ projection should be performed during a cystography
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lateral
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buildup of nitrogenous waste in the blood
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uremia
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renal veins connect directly to the ____
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inferior vena cava
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major calyces unite to form the ____
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renal pelvis
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What is the kV range for an IVU?
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70 - 75 kV
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Which ionization chambers should be activated for an IVU AP scout projection?
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Upper Right and Left cells
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Who should the tech contact if he or she has difficulty placing the needle into the vein of a pediatric patient during IVU?
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a phlebotomist or physician
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An eruption of wheals (hives) often due to a hypersensitivity to food or drugs is a condition termed_______.
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Urticaria
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What type of renal calculi is often associated with chronic urinary tract infections?
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Staghorn Calculi
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How much urine is normally produced by the kidneys in 24 hours?
A. 2.5 liters B. 180 liters C. 0.5 liters D. 1.5 liters |
D. 1.5 liters
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The microscopic unit of the kidney is called the _____.
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Nephron
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How long must a patient be withheld from taking Metformin following an iodinated contrast media procedure?
A. 48 hours B. 2 hours C. 24 hours D. 72 hours |
A 48 hours
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Which one of the following conditions is considered high risk for an iodinated contrast media procedure?
A. Hematuria B. Pheochromocytoma C. Diabetes mellitus D. Hypertension |
B. Pheochromocytoma
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Which of the following is an example of vasovagal reaction?
A. itching B. angioedema C. cardiac arrhythmias D. urticaria |
C. cardiac arrhythmias
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A true allergic reaction to iodinated contrast is classified _____.
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Anaphylactic reaction
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The absence of a functioning kidney is called ______.
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Renal agenesis
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Metformin is a drug given to patients with:
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Diabetes
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Constant or frequent involuntary passage of urine is termed:
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Urinary incontinence
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Excretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake is the general definition for:
A. polyuria B. proteinuria C. Oliguria D. Nephroptosis |
C. Oliguria
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Extravasation is classified as a(n) ______ reaction.
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Organ-specific
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Complete cessation of urinary secretion by the kidneys is termed _____.
A. micturition B. anuria C. urinary incontinence D. chronic renal failure |
B. Anuria
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Hypernephroma is another term for:
A. renal cell carcinoma B. wilms' tumor C. hydronephrosis D. renal hypertension |
A. renal cell carcinoma
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Laryngeal swelling is classified as a:
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Severe level reaction
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Hot flashes are classified as
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a Side Effect
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which one of the following veins is not normally selected for venipuncture during an IVU?
A. Basilic B. Cephalic C. Axillary D. Median cubital |
C. Axillary
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True or False
The patient should void before the IVU to prevent dilution of the contrast in the bladder. |
True
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A pathologic indication that is an example of a congenital anomaly of the urinary system?
A. ectopic kidney B. pyelonephritis C. urinary tract infection D. BPH |
A. ectopic kidney
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Tachycardia is a ________ reaction.
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Moderate reaction
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What specific anatomy is examined in retrograde ureterogram?
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Primarily the ureters
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which specific position is recommended for a male patient during a voiding cystourethrogram?
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30 degrees RPO
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which imaging modality is used to detect subtle tissue changes following a renal transplant?
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MRI
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when does the timing for an IVU exam start?
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when the injection is made
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True or False
The brodney clamp is used for male and female retrograde cystourethrograms. |
False
(males only) |
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A common pathologic indication for an IVU.
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Hematuria
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loss of consciousness due to reduced cerebral blood flow is termed______.
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syncope
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a temporary failure of the renal system is an example of a(n) ______ reaction.
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Organ-specific
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which type of patient is a likely candidate for the premedication procedure before a contrast study?
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Asthmatic patient
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what should the tech do FIRST when a patient is experiencing either a moderate or severe reaction?
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Call for medical assistance
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which drugs are often given to the patient as part of the premedication procedure?
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Combination of Benadryl and prednisone
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T or F
Vasovagal reactions are not considered to be life threatening. |
False
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incorporates sodium or meglumine to increase solubility of the contrast media.
Ionic or Nonionic |
Ionic
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Uses a parent compound of a benzoic acid.
Ionic or Nonionic |
Ionic
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Is a near isotonic solution
Ionic / Nonionic |
Non Ionic
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Considered to be the most posterior?
A. Ovaries B. Urethra C. Vagina D. Kidneys |
D. Kidneys
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Which two processes move urine through the ureters to the bladder?
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Peristalsis and Gravity
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Most anterior as compared with others?
A. proximal ureters B. kidneys C. Urinary bladder D. suprarenal glands |
C. Urinary bladder
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What is the total capacity of the average adult bladder?
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350 to 500 mL
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Each kidney is surrounded by a mass of fatty tissue termed the____ or _____
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adipose capsule or perirenal fat
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The deep muscles of the back include the group of _______
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erector spinae muscles
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tissue inflammation as a result of extravasted contrast peaks ___ to ___ hours following incident.
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24 to 48 hours
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Why is the term IVP incorrect?
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it's a study of the renal pelvis
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Which aspect of the kidney is visualized during an IVU?
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collecting system
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phenochromocytoma
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rare kidney tumor
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contraction of muscles within the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles
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bronchospasm
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purpose of ureteric compression
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enhance filling of the pelvicalyceal system with contrast media
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when does the timing for an IVU start
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time of injection of contrast
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is the retrograde urogram functional or non-functional
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non-functional
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modality used to detect subtle tissue changes
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MRI
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nephrotomogram should be taken ___ seconds after media contrast injection
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60
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Brachycardia is a symptom of a _______ type of reaction.
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severe
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