Procedures Chapter 13

Front 1

The TMJ is slightly _______ & ________ to our EAM.

Back 1

The TMJ is slightly anterior & superior to our EAM

Front 2

The TMJ is classified as a ______ joint

Back 2

synovial

Front 3

The TMJ has a _______ movement type similar to the knee.

Back 3

bicondylar

Front 4

The temporomandibular fossa is located on which cranial bone?

Back 4

temporal

Front 5

When the jaw opens, the ______ moves down and forward to the anterior aspect of the fossa.

Back 5

condyle (head)

Front 6

linear tomography can be performed for TMJ's, and for that the pt has to be in a _____ position.

Back 6

lateral

Front 7

Where is the CR placed for axiolateral TMJ's ?

Back 7

1/2 inch anterior and 2 inches superior to upside EAM.

Front 8

Where should the petrous ridges be for a partietoacanthial sinuses radiograph ?

Back 8

below the maxillary sinuses

Front 9

Where does the CR exit for parietoacanthial transoral sinuses.

Back 9

acanthion

Front 10

1.) Which Position ?

2.) How can rotation be assessed on this image ?

3.)How can you assess if the pt's neck extension is sufficient?

Back 10

1.) Parietoacanthial transoral (open-mouth Waters)

2.) Equal distance from the lateral orbital margin to the outer lateral skull on both sides.

3.)If the petrous ridges are below the maxillary sinuses.

Front 11

What is the ONLY modification between the pariteoacanthial sinuses projection and the pariteoacanthial transoral sinuses projection?

Back 11

The jaw is dropped

Front 12

For which sinuses projections does the OML form a 37 degree angle with the IR.

Back 12

transoral open mouth waters and Parietoacanthial sinuses.

Front 13

For sinuses, to visualize air-fluid levels, the CR must be _______ and the pt must be ______.

Back 13

Horizontal
Erect

Front 14

1. Which Projection is this?

2.) What structures(sinuses) should be shown?

Back 14

1.) PA Sinuses (Caldwell)

2.)Frontal Sinuses and Anterior Ethmoids (visualized lateral to each nasal bone)

Front 15

Where does the CR exit for PA Caldwell sinuses?

Back 15

nasion

Front 16

For SMV sinuses, if the CR is angled to be perpendicular with the IOML, will the air fluid levels still be visualized.

Back 16

No, CR has to be horizontal.

Front 17

1.)Which Position?

2.)Which Structures should be shown in this image?

3.)How do you assess rotation for this image?

Back 17

1.) AP axial TMJ's
2.) Condyloid process of the mandible and TM fossae.
3.) Condyloid processes should be visualized symmetrically, lateral to the cervical spine.

Front 18

1.) Which Projection is this?

2.) Is the mouth open or closed in this projection?

3.) Which structures should be shown?

4.) How would you assess if this position is correct?

Back 18

1.) Axiolateral Obl TMJ's

2.) Closed

3.) -TMJ nearest to the IR
-Closed mouth image demonstrates condyle within the fossa.

4.) Correctly position image demonstrates TMJ free of superimposition of the opposite TMJ (15° rotation prevents this) & TMJ not superimposed by the cervical spine.

Front 19

paranasal sinuses are also called _______

Back 19

accessory nasal sinuses

Front 20

Only the _______ sinuses are part of the facial bone structure.

Back 20

maxillary sinuses

Front 21

Which sinus is present at birth?

Back 21

Maxillary

Front 22

which sinus develops last?

Back 22

ethmoid

Front 23

An older term for the maxillary sinuses?

Back 23

Antrum (Antrum of Highmore)

Front 24

Why is it important NOT to underexpose a sinuses projection.

Back 24

Underexposure—can simulate pathologic conditions (false-positive)

Front 25

Label 1-4

5. Which Projection

6.) How would you asses tilt and rotation

Back 25

1.) Maxillary
2.) Frontal
3.) Ethmoid
4.) Spenhoid

5.) Lateral Sinuses projection
6.) Rotation-superimposed vertical structures like the rami or anterior and posterior clinoid processes.
Tilt- superimposed horizontal structures like the orbital roofs and mandibular bodies.

Front 26

Where is the CR for axiolateral obl TMJ's.

Back 26

1 1/2 inches superior to upside EAM

(to pass through downside TMJ)

Front 27

What is the CR angle for the axiolateral schuller method?

Back 27

25° to 30° caudad

Front 28

Which sinuses are seen within the mouth for a transoral open mouth waters?

Back 28

Sphenoid

Front 29

Identify 1-5

6.) Which Projection

Back 29

1.) Frontal sinuses
2.) Maxillary sinuses
3.) Sphenoid sinuses
4.) Ethmoid Sinuses
5.) Mastoid Air cells
6.) Transoral open mouth waters

Front 30

All paranasal sinus cavities communicate with one another and with the _________.

Back 30

nasal cavity

Front 31

T/F

The frontal sinuses are usually symmetric in shape.

Back 31

False

The frontal sinuses are rarely symmetric

Front 32

Which sinus is contained within the lateral masses.

Back 32

Ethmoid sinuses

Front 33

1.) Which Projection ?

2.) Which structures should be shown?

3.) How can you assess for rotation?

4.) Is the jaw open or closed?

Back 33

1.) Axiolateral Schuller TMJ

2.) TMJ nearest IR

3.) Rotation can be assessed using the superimposed lateral orbital margin.

4.)open mouth

Front 34

Label 1-7

8.) Which Projection?

9.) How do you know if the IOML was parallel to the IR for this image?

10.) How would you assess rotation and tilt?

Back 34

1.) Sphenoid sinuses
2.) Ethmoid sinuses
3.) Maxillary sinuses
4.) Mastoid Air cells
5.) Petrous ridges
6.) Mandibular condyle
7.) Nasal Fossa

8.) SMV sinuses projection
9.) IOML relationship is correct if mandibular condyles are anterior to petrous pyramids.
10.) Rotation and Tilt - petrous pyramids are visualized symmetrically.

Front 35

label 1-6

7.) Which Projection?

8.)How would you assess rotation?

9.) Where should this image be centered?

Back 35

1.) Frontal sinus
2.) Bony nasal septum
3.) inferior orbital rim
4.) Sphenoid sinus
5.) Petrous ridge
6.) Maxillary sinus

7.) Pariteoacanthial waters projection

8.) Rotation can be assessed by equal distance from the lateral orbital margin to the lateral border of the skull.
9.) Centered to the acanthion.

Front 36

What is the CR angle for the Axiolateral OBL TMJ

Back 36

15 caudad

Front 37

Assess this image based on positioning, collimation, and CR.

Back 37

1.) Skull is underextended because the petrous ridges are within the maxillary sinuses.
- Tilted to PT right as evidenced by the unsymmetrical petrous ridges.
2. Collimation can come in on the sides.
3. The CR is too high, the maxillary sinuses should be centered.

Front 38

If the pt cannot stand for a lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses, it should be taken with ______

Back 38

horizontal x-ray beam

Front 39

which sinus is best demonstrated with a parietoacanthial waters projection

Back 39

Maxillary

Front 40

Which paranasal sinuses are best demonstrated with an SMV projection.

Back 40

Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Maxillary

Front 41

A radiograph of an SMV sinuses reveals that the distance between the mandibular condyles and lateral border of the skull is not equal. What is the positioning error

Back 41

Tilt

Front 42

A PA transoral projection reveals that the sphenoid sinus is superimposed over the upper teeth and nasal cavity, how do you fix this?

Back 42

increase extension of the head and neck to projection the entire sphenoid sinus through the oral cavity.

Front 43

1.) Which Projection is this?

2.) What structures should be shown?

3.) Assess Positioning, Collimation, and CR.

Back 43

1.) Parietoacanthial waters projection
2.) Maxillary sinuses free of superimposition
3.)-Petrous ridges are projected into the lower aspect of the maxillary sinuses, so the skull is underextended.
-The distance from the right lateral orbital margin and the lateral skull is not symmetrical on both sides indicating severe rotation.
- No collimation is evident at all, cervical spine is present.
-Centering is slightly low.
-Pins blocking anatomy
- No marker

Front 44

1.) Which projection?

2.) Structures shown?

3.) Assess this image according to positioning, collimation and CR?

Back 44

1.) SMV sinuses

2.) Sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses should be visualized, however the mandible is obstructing sinuses.

3.)- Mandibular condyles are not anterior to petrous ridges indicating correct IOML relationship was not obtained.
- Petrous pyramids are not symmetrical so image is rotated.
-distance from mandibular border to lateral border of skull on both sides is not the same.
- collimation would be okay if the image was centered.
- CR centering is off laterally which led to anatomy being cut off.

Front 45

T/F
The frontal sinuses are normally larger in men than women.

Back 45

True

Front 46

T/F
The modified law method requires a tube angulation of 25 degrees caudad.

Back 46

False.

15°

Front 47

For a lateral sinuses projection if the greater wings of the sphenoid bone are not superimposed what positioning error has occured?

Back 47

rotation

Front 48

All of the paranasal sinuses are completely developed by _______.

Back 48

late teens

Front 49

5 functions of the paranasal sinuses are :

Back 49

1.Resonating chamber for voice
2.Decrease weight of skull
3.Warm and moisten inhaled air
4.Acts as shock absorber during trauma
5.Possibly control immune system

Front 50

Which sinuses are like fingerprints?

Back 50

frontal

Front 51

Which sinuses are hardest to demonstrate?

Back 51

Sphenoid

Front 52

True or False


Mastoid air cells are part of the osteomeatal complex

Back 52

False