Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What does "ABG" stand for and what does it measure?
|
arterial blood gas; measures blood gases
|
|
|
What are some indications of performing an ABG?
|
- evaluate the adequacy of ventilation, oxygenation, O2 carrying capacity
-evaluate acid-base levels -used to guide therapy in the ICU (oxygen administration, mechanical ventilation, alkali tx) -monitor pts during sleep studies, cardiopulmonary sx, exercise testing -determine prognosis in critically ill |
|
|
What are some contraindications of an ABG?
|
-anticoagulant therapy
-hx of clotting disorder -hx of arterial spasms following previous punctures -severe peripheral vascular disease -abnormal or infectious skin processes at or near the puncture site -arterial grafts |
|
|
Which artery is most often used for the ABG? Others?
|
*radial artery
-brachial -femoral |
|
|
What test must you perform prior to doing the ABG?
|
Allen test
|
|
|
What does the Allen test check for?
|
collateral circulation; helps assure that the pt can tolerate temporary blockage of the radial artery
|
|
|
How do you perform the Allen test?
|
1.) pt elevates their hand & makes a fist for 20 seconds
2.) firm pressure held against both radial & ulnar arteries 3.) pt opens their hand & it should blanche white 4.) examiner releases ulnar compression only |
|
|
What is a normal result of the Allen test?
|
hand color flushes within 5-7 seconds
|
|
|
What is an abnormal result of the Allen test and what does it mean?
|
1.) inadequate collateral circulation
2.) hand remains white until radial pressure released 3.) risk of serious hand ischemia if radial vessel spasm |
|
|
If you get a negative result of the Allen test, what should you NOT perform?
|
the ABG... (moral booster)
|
|
|
What are some things to do to prepare for the ABG procedure (prior to gathering equipment)?
|
-review pts chart to make sure there are no contraindications
-check the pts medical record for latex allergy -then gather equipment |
|
|
List the equipment needed for an ABG.
|
-plastic bag or plastic cup of ice
-ABG kit, or if no ABG kit... -alcohol swabs, betadine swabs, vacutainer w/leur adapter, 2x2 gauze sponge, 20 gauge needle & 25 gauge needle, syringe w/heparin -gloves, gauze, tape, chuck pad, labels, lab form |
|
|
What color should the blood be that you get from the artery?
|
bright red (venous blood will be darker)
|
|
|
At what angle should you pierce the radial artery?
|
45-90 degrees ( I say 90...but...what do I know?)
|
|
|
What should you do if you missed the artery?
|
slowly withdraw the needle out to just below the skin & re-insert again. Do not probe w/the needle, as this can be very painful & lead to a hematoma, thrombus formation, & damage the artery itself!
|
|
|
How long should pressure be applied to the puncture site?
|
About 2-5 minutes
|
|
|
What are some complications to the ABG procedure?
|
-pain
-infection -hematoma -arteriospasm -thrombus formation -distal ischemia -numbness of the hand |
|
|
What are some questions to ask yourself when determining whether or not the results of your ABG are accurate?
|
1.) were there any air bubbles?
2.) was there a delay in cooling? ie: did you wait too long to put it on ice? 3.) was it venous blood? 4.) was there an anticoagulant, ie heparin? |
|
|
What are some things you need to document after performing the procedure?
|
-date & time of procedure
-site chosen (ie: right radial artery) -pt's tolerance of procedure -results -adverse side effects -length of time pressure was applied if greater than 5 minutes -any negativity in modified allen's test |
|
|
What is the normal range for pH?
|
7.35-7.45
|
|
|
What is the normal values of PO2?
|
80-100 mmhg
|
|
|
What is the normal range of PCO2?
|
35-45 mmHg
|
|
|
What is the normal value of bicarb?
|
22-26 mEq/L
|
|
|
What is the normal SaO2?
|
97-100%
|
