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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
John Howard
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Coined a place to do penance from the Penitentiary
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Three developments led to the American prison system
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Religious doctrine, American revolution, classicalism
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What did the Quakers believe concerning prison?
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imprisonment (classicalism)
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What did the Calvinists believe concerning prison?
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Redemption (positivism)
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Describe Walnut Street prison
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Inmates confined to cells, worked in courtyard during the day
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First US prison
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Newgate
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Describe the Pennsylvania system
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isolated each prisoner for the entire period of confinement, based on Calvinist model of hard labor, isolation and religious study
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Thomas Eddy
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Prison reformer, prisons were copied after his suggestions
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Describe the Auburn system
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Cell block style, lockstep shuffle, complete silence, divided inmates into three classes, forerunner to modern prisons
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Convict Labor exploits (3)
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Contract, Lease, State-use
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Big house system
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Shaped like Auburn but attitude was complete opposite: talking, recreation, decorate cells, favoritism among guards
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Earl Warren
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Reorganized the prison system, applied behavioral sciences to correct behavior
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Attica
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Boasted most secure, escape proof prison- based on rehabilitation, inmate rioted, rehabilitation was blamed
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Parole
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Word of honor
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Norfolk Island
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Australia, "one of the most remarkable experiments in the history of penology..."
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Maconochie
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former Naval Officer his system brought tranquility to the colony
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"Ticket of Leave"
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released and supervised by police
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Elmira Reformatory
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based on "positivism" designed to instill habits of order, discipline, and self control and mold obedient citizen-workers
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Medical Model
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Based on methods of science, a scientific "war on crime"
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Medical model is based on what two assumptions?
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criminals are sick and can benefit from treatment, behavioral sciences can provide treatment
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David Fogle
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presented to "Justice Model", wanted the elimination of boards
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Presumptive sentencing
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generally imposed on first time offenders
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Truth-in-sentencing
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eliminating release discretion
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A parole agency can provide three basic services:
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Institutional, Field, Executive Clemency
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There are two basic models for administrating parole:
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Independent model, Consolidated model
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Independent model
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responsible for release/revocation, supervision of released
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Consolidated model
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responsible for release/revocation, BUT supervision of released is under the direction of the commissioner of corrections
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Conditional release
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sometimes called "mandatory release" or good time
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Who appoints the parole board?
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The governor
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Two types of parole violation:
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Technical, New offense
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Preliminary hearing
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Purpose is to determine probable cause, hearsay is permissible in preliminary hearings
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Revocation hearing
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Similar to Preliminary hearing but more comprehensive, right to counsel - determine if violation is serious enough to revoke parole
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Street time
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Time spent on parole under supervision
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Executive Clemency, three types:
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Reprieve, commutation, pardon
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Reprieve
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temporary suspension
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Commutation
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modification of the sentence to the benefit of the offender
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Pardon
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Sovereign power of state, a privilege
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Parole Violations
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Grace Theory, Contract Theory, Custody Theory
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