Probability And Statistics: Units 1-5; Flash Cards

Front 1

Population

Back 1

All involved in a particular experiment or study.

Front 2

Sample

Back 2

A small section or group of the population in an experiment or study

Front 3

Observational Study

Back 3

A study based solely on observations as contrary to an experiment

Front 4

Designed Experiment

Back 4

A method of getting data from exposing a controlled group to a specific scenario.

Front 5

Confounding Variable

Back 5

An unforseen event in an experiment.

Front 6

Simple Random Sample

Back 6

As it sounds, a random selection of a small group of subjects.

Front 7

Census

Back 7

A survey of the entire population.

Front 8

Representative Sample

Back 8

A sample that represents the population.

Front 9

Bias

Back 9

Prejudice in favour of one side of the "story."

Front 10

Systematic Sampling

Back 10

A systematic method of choosing subjects for a sample.

Front 11

Cluster Sampling

Back 11

Sampling based on clusters.

Front 12

Stratified Sampling

Back 12

Sampling based on strata.

Front 13

Control

Back 13

A group that is not exposed to the treatment being used in an experiment.

Front 14

Randomization

Back 14

The act of randomizing.

Front 15

Replication

Back 15

The recreation of an event.

Front 16

Placebo

Back 16

A psychological reaction to an imposed treatment with no medical effects.

Front 17

Explanatory Variable

Back 17

The variable that explains the whole issue.

Front 18

Factor

Back 18

A piece of something much larger.

Front 19

Levels

Back 19

The different elevations of seperate pieces.

Front 20

Treatments

Back 20

The changing qualities in experimental groups which make them experimental.

Front 21

Feasibility Study

Back 21

A study to test the feasibility of something.

Front 22

Market Research Analyst

Back 22

A nerd.

Front 23

Qualitative Variable

Back 23

A variable only dealing with the qualities of a subject.

Front 24

Discrete Quantitative Variable

Back 24

A set number to explain the quantity of something.

Front 25

Continuous Quantitative Variable

Back 25

A continuous number to explain a certain quantity.

Front 26

Frequency Distribution

Back 26

A table showing the distribution of frequency.

Front 27

Relative Frequency

Back 27

A table showing the ratio of the the frequency to the total.

Front 28

Pie Chart

Back 28

A chart that explains percentages and appropriately looks similar to a pie.

Front 29

Bar Chart

Back 29

A chart showing frequencies appropriately looking similar to a series of bars.

Front 30

Histogram

Back 30

A graph showing relative frequency.

Front 31

Dot Plot

Back 31

A plot of dots

Front 32

Stem-and-Leaf Plot

Back 32

A graph showing values as raw data appropriately looking like a stem with leaves sprouting therefrom.

Front 33

Mean

Back 33

The average of a set of data.

Front 34

Median

Back 34

The middle value.

Front 35

Mode

Back 35

The data point that occurs most often in a set of data.

Front 36

Scatterplot

Back 36

A bivariate plot that appropriately looks like a scatter of non-sense.

Front 37

Bivariate Data

Back 37

Data with two variables.

Front 38

Interquartile Range

Back 38

The range of the first and third quartile in a set of data.

Front 39

Point Estimate

Back 39

A single point that gives an estimate of the parameter of the population.

Front 40

Confidence Interval

Back 40

[Insert Confidence Interval equation here]

Front 41

Confidence Interval Estimate

Back 41

Estimate of the confidence interval.

Front 42

Sampling Distribution

Back 42

A probability distribution of many samples.

Front 43

Central Limit Theorem

Back 43

Paraphrased: "Yo' data gon' be shaped like a bell, yo."

Front 44

True Mean

Back 44

The average of the population.

Front 45

Margin of Error

Back 45

The possible length from the point estimate that you can be a specific percentage is true.

Front 46

Experimental Probability

Back 46

The probability of an outcome based on experiments.

Front 47

Theoretical Probability

Back 47

The probability of an outcome based on theory.

Front 48

Independent Events

Back 48

Events that are uneffected by others.

Front 49

Dependent Events

Back 49

Events that are effected by others.

Front 50

Probability of two or more events

Back 50

Picture says it all.

Front 51

Probability Notation

Back 51

The notation in which probability is written.

Front 52

Basic Counting rule

Back 52

When there are m ways of doing something and n ways of doing something else, then there are mxn ways of doing both.

Front 53

Permutation

Back 53

A possible outcome in which order can change.

Front 54

Combination

Back 54

A possible outcome in which any given order is unimportant as long as all pieces are present.

Front 55

Contingency Tables

Back 55

Tables showing all possible outcomes, but are impossible to be certain of.

Front 56

Sample Space

Back 56

All possible outcomes.

Front 57

Random Variable

Back 57

A RANDOM variable.

Front 58

Probability Distribution

Back 58

A distribution of probabilities based on possible outcomes.

Front 59

Probability Histogram

Back 59

A histogram based on a probabilitiy distribution.

Front 60

Bernoulli Trials

Back 60

Trials to be run based on studies by Bernoulli.

Front 61

Binomial Probability Formula

Back 61

PICTURE

Front 62

Expected Value

(Mean of a Discrete Random Variable)

Back 62

The expected value if more trials were run.