Principles Of Social Work

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CHAPTER 7:
1. Generalist social work practice

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o A method of social work practice that encompasses a broad – based set of knowledge, skills, and values that are applied to assessment and intervention with client systems at the individual, family, group, organizational, and community levels.

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2. Roles of the generalist social worker (pages 155-157)

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o Direct Provider of Services
 Counseling and Therapy, Group Work, and Educator
o System Linkage
 Broker, Case Manager, Mediator, and Advocate
o System Maintenance and Enhancement
 Organizational analyst, facilitator, team member, consultant, and supervisor
o Researcher/Research Consumer
o System Development
 Program Developer, Planner, Policy and Procedure Developer, and Advocate

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3. Theory

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o Conceptualization that has been proved by empirically – based research that are used to explain influences from other disciplines

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4. Evidence-based practice

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o Social work practice that is derived from a theoretical approach that has been empirically tested using rigorous research methodology

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5. Person-in-environment perspective

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o A theoretical framework in which the client system is perceived as an integral component of a larger and dynamic physical and social environment.

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6. Systems theory

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o A theoretical framework used to guide systems within the context of the environment in which they exist and explains the interactions of the components within the system

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7. Strengths based perspective

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o A social work practice approach that recognizes the person and her/his cultural experiences and beliefs as an asset on which to develop a plan for change

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8. Empowerment

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o The process of working with a client system to optimized the system’s capacity to function and change

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9. Solution focused model

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o A strengths-based approach in which the social worker helps the client to construct or reconstruct her or his reality in regard to a challenging life situation .

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10. Eclecticism

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o The application of knowledge and skills that may be derived from multiple theoretical concepts because they are most appropriate to the client system.

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CHAPTER 8:
1. Forensic Social Work

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o Trained Social Worker’s that are culturally competent, forensic professionals who can develop intervention plans to address the client within the criminal justice system.
 Adult/Juvenile Correctional Facilities, community-based probation and parole agencies, mental health facilities, public defenders’ offices, law firms, legal services organizations that represent the accused and the victims, juvenile or family court agencies, law enforcement agencies, or programs that respond to issues of domestic and family violence.

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CHAPTER 9:
1. Micro practice (what levels this entails)

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o Working with individuals, couples, and families in direct social work practice toward the goal of planned change

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2. Skills that are needed for micro practice (book and lecture)

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o Open Ended Questioning
o Reflection (paraphrase and summarize)
o Silence
 Gives client time to think/talk
o Avoid why/judgmental Q’s
o Avoid leading questions
 Being Broad
o Attend to client’s emotions
o Client should talk more
o Don’t give premature advice
o Avoid multiple/double barrel Q’s
 Simplify
o Redirect a client
o Don’t make false promises/reassurances
o Body Language skills

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3. Social casework

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o Conducting needs assessments, providing information and referrals, and accessing resources

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4. Change (p. 222)

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o “Planned Change”
 A process in which the social worker and client collaborate to plan and then execute a series of actions designed to enhance the client’s functioning and well-being.

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5. 5 phases of the planned change process

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o Phase I – Engagement of the client system
-The process of eliciting information in an open and trusting manner using both verbal and nonverbal communication. To engage the client system and build rapport, the social worker should attend to the following aspects of verbal communication.
 Who is your client?
• How do you engage the client system?
• How do you interact with the non-client “actors” in this system?
 Using verbal and nonverbal skills build a bond and trust with the client.
o Phase II – Assessment
-The professional activity conducted with the client that provides the basis for understanding the client system’s situation and planning the intervention.
 What are the strengths of the client system?
• What are the goals and needs of the client system?
• What community and family resources are available to meet those goals and needs?
• What are the barriers to reaching those goals and needs?
• What is your assessment of the client system’s goals and needs?
 Identify client needs and issues, identify client strengths and resources, prioritize needs and desired outcomes.
o Phase III – Intervention
-The phase of the social work relationship in which the actual work is completed.
 What is an intervention plan that is realistic and potentially helpful to this situation – for the client, the daughter, and the service delivery system?
• How does the intervention plan build on the strengths of the client system?
• Are there adequate and viable resources available to fulfill the plan – at the individual, family, organizational, or community levels?
• What new or different resources are needed to implement the intervention plan?
• What are the barriers to obtaining those resources?
• What is an appropriate timeframe for the implementation of this intervention plan?
• Are the barriers at the individual, family, or community level?
• What policies impact the situation?
 Develop goals identified by the client system, identify resources available and needed for reaching the goals, identify barriers to goal attainment, devise a plan for attaining goals that is measurable, implement plan, periodically monitor the intervention to determine if revisions are needed or if further assessment is needed.
o Phase IV – Termination and Evaluation
-The process by which the social worker and client system assess the progress and success of the planned change effort and determine whether it is time to terminate the relationship.
 What constitutes a successful intervention?
• How will you know when you have completed the intervention?
• What evaluation process would help you to gauge the success of the intervention?
 Determine if goals were appropriate and achievable, determine of goals were achieved and examine the reasons goals were or were not achieved, termination occurs when goals have been attained, the client system or worker ends the intervention, or the goals are changed, and develop with the client system a plan for maintenance or follow-up.

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6. Examples of active listening (lecture)

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o Blocks
 Daydreaming, rehearsing, filtering, judging, and distractions
o Skills
 Facing client, equal level, full attention, writing small amount of notes, eye contact, all attention listening, open and engaging body language

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7. Closed versus open ended questions

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o Open ended questions allow for the client to open up

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8. Definition of family (p. 229)

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o A group of persons, usually residing together, who acknowledges a sense of responsibility for one another and function as a unit

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9. Assessment do’s and don’ts (p. 230-231)

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o Do
 Occasional Comment to direct the conversation
 Do the least amount of talking
 Little movement
 Focus on the client
 Laughing at appropriate moments
 Sitting upright and leaning slightly forward
 Use appropriate language
o Don’s
 Fidget
 Ask why/closed questions
 Poor attendance
 Soothe/Rescue/Tell what to do
 Mimic
 False reassurances

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CHAPTER 10:
1. Mezzo practice

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o Practice method in which the social worker works with a multi-person client system to develop a planned change effort that meets the needs of the group.

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2. Phases of the group process (lecture)

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o Pre-group Phase
 Planning, Recruitment, and New Group Formation
 Work in this phase includes: identifying aspirations, needs, and goals; determining group structure and process; recruiting and orienting members; and developing group purpose and methods.
o Group Work in the Beginning Phase
 Work in this phase includes establishing a beginning contract, cultivating group cohesion, and shaping norms of participation.
o Group Work in the Middle Phase
 Work in this phase includes assisting progress on individual and group goals; attending to group dynamics/processes; and assisting members to identify and access resources from inside and outside the group.
o Group Work in the ending phase
 Work in this phase includes preparing members for group ending; identifying gains and changes; discussing impact of the group on systems outside the group and the movement the group has made over time; and identifying direct and indirect signs of members; and workers; reactions to ending; evaluating achievement; and helping members make connections and apply new knowledge and skills.

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3. Types of groups: treatment/therapy groups and self-help/support groups (what is the major difference between these 2 types?)

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o Therapeutic groups are led by a social worker for individuals that have a common presenting issue.
o Supportive groups are led by someone who has lived through and conquered said issue or is led by the group in general for individuals that have a common presenting issue.

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4. How is the planned change process the same or different when your client is a group (instead of an individual)?

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o Social work practice with groups emphasizes group interdependence, interaction, and support as the vehicle for change. Group practice is built on the concept that change occurs as a result of the ongoing and changing group dynamics group members’ interaction with one another. Thus, group social work practice has a dual role – the group and the individual change as a result of the group intervention.

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CHAPTER 11
1. Macro social work (What levels this entails)

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o Working with organizations and communities to facilitate planned social and political change

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2. Why there is criticism regarding this realm of social work practice (lecture)

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o The political involvement
o Most people don’t know that social work has a macro side
 Schools are more focused training for micro

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3. Models of macro practice

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o Community Practice
 Organizing and Development
 Improve schools, create safe places for kids
 Needs grants/money
o Organizational Leadership
 Program Development
 Leading and Creating
o Policy Practice
 Political Action
o Advocacy
 Social Movements
 Dream Act – paperwork for immigrants

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4. Skills that are needed for macro practice (book and lecture)

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o Collaborating
 Work with other groups – legislation
o Persuading
 Turn people to your side of the argument
o Organizing
 Bringing people together
o Advocacy
o Grant writing and Fundraising
o Public skills/Media skills
o Research and Evaluation
o Administration
o Mediation/Negotiation

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CHAPTER 12
1. Will there be a future demand for social workers? And in which fields?

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o Employment opportunities for social workers are expected to increase at a rate twice that of any other career area
 Aging
 Home healthcare
 Substance Abuse Treatment
 School Social Work
 Private Social Services Organizations

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2. Social work salaries (see pie chart p. 299)

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o 1% - Under $20,000/year
o 9% - $80,000 or more/year
o 18% - $60,000 to $79,999/year
o 26% - $20,000 to $39,999/year
o 46% - $40,000 to $59,999/year

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3. How social workers are perceived by the public (p. 298-299)

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o 97% social workers are valuable to the community
o 96% social workers are a source of comfort in times of need
o 92% believe that social workers work with all socioeconomic groups
o 91% perceive social workers as protectors of children
o 82% report that they would be generally happy if their children became social workers
o 80% fell that social workers are important for society’s social problems
o 79% responded that social workers engage in family therapy
o 67% personally know a social worker
o 59% report that the information that they have received about social workers is positive
o 56% have had personal experiences with social workers
o 53% believe that a bachelor’s degree is appropriate for the practice of social work
o 8% view the role of social workers being to disburse “welfare payment”

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4. Major differences between BSW degree and MSW degree

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o A master’s degree takes more schooling to obtain and offers more jobs futuristically