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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the goal of chemo
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to provide cure, control or palliation to patient's with cancer
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what is medical oncology
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a disipline that specializes in the use of systemic forms of treatment for the management of patients with malignancies
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what is primary therapy
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treatment of disease for which there are alternate treatments but may not be as effective
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what 3 cancers are treated with primary therapy
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leukemias
lymphomas most pediactric cancers |
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what is adjuvant chemo
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a course of chemo used in conjunction with another treatment (surgery)
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what is neoadjuvant therapy
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chemo is used to shrink the tumor prior to surgical removal
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what is induction chemo
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chemo drugs given as a primary treatment for which no alternative exists
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what is combined chemo
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use of two or more chemotherapeutic agents
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what is chemo preventative
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reducing the risk of cancer or risk of cancer to recur
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what is the advantage of chemo
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ability to treat widespread or metastatic disease b/c surgery and RT are limited to localized disease
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what are the 5 normal cells commonly affected by chemo agents
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bone marrow
hair follicles mucosal lining of the GI tract skin germinal cells |
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what are the 5 stages of cell cycle
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G0
G1 S G2 M |
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what is G0 phase
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resting stage
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what is G1 phase and what happens
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gap between mitosis and S phase.
synthesis of RNA and prepartion of cell dividing |
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what is S phase
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DNA synthesis
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what is G2 phase
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gap between S phase and mitosis
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what is M phase
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mitosis. cell dividing
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what are the 8 basic drug groups
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alkylating agents
antimetabolites anti tumor antibiotics T inhibitors mitotic inhibitors corticosteroids hormones targeted therapies |
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what are the characteristics of alkylating agents
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directly damage DNA
no cycle specific |
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what is the major toxicity of alkylating agents
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bone marrow suppression
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what are the 5 common cancers treated with alkylating agents
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leukemia
hodgkins and non hodgkins multiple myeloma lymphoma sarcomas |
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what are nitrosoureas
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can cross blood-brain barrier
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what are the 5 common alkylating agents
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nitrogen mustard
cytoxan carboplatin cisplatin temodar |
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what are the 4 cancers commonly treated with nitrogen mustard
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hodgkins
non hodgkins lung breast |
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what is the most common side effect of nitrogen mustard
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bone marrow suppression
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what 7 cancers are treated with cytoxan
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breast
retinoblastoma ovarian multiple myeloma neuroblastoma lymphomas leukemia |
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what is the most common cancer treated with carboplatin
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ovarian cancer
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what are 2 common cancers treated with cisplatin
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testicular
ovarian |
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what is the most common cancer treated with temodar
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glioblastomas
any brain |
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what are antimetabolites
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interfere with DNA and RNA growth by substituting for the normal building blocks of RNA and DNA
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what phase is antimetabolites active in
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S phase
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what 4 cancers are treated with antimetabolites
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leukemias
breast ovarian GI tract |
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what are the 5 common antimetabolites
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methotrexate
5 FU Xeloda Gemzar Leucovorin |
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what is 5 FU common treat. 5 things
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colorectal
breast GI ovarian skin |
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what is the most common side effect of 5 FU
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myelosuppression
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what 2 things does xeloda commonly treat
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metastatic breast and colorectal
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what 7 cancers are commonly treated with gemzar
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ovarian
NSCLC metastatic breast bladder soft tissue sarcoma pancreatic |
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which drug works commonly with other drugs
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leucovorin
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what are anti tumor antibiotics
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interfere with enzymes involved in DNA replication
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what phase are anti tumor antibiotics active in
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all phase
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what is the most common anti tumor antibiotic
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adriamycin
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what cancer does adriamycin commonly treat
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breast
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what are T inhibitors
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interfere with enzymes called topisomerases, which help seperate the strands of DNA so they can be copied
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what are the 2 categories of T inhibitors
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topoisomerase I
topoisomerase II |
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what is TI-1 used to treat. 4 things
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leukemia
lung ovarian GI |
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what is TI-2 used to treat.
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AML
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what is the most common T inhibitor
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irinotecan
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what 2 cancers does irinotecan commonly treat
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metastatic colon or rectal
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what is the biggest side effect of irinotecan
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diarrhea
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what are mitotic inhibitors
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stop mitosis or inhibit enzymes from making proteins needed for cell reproduction
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what phase is active in mitotic inhibitors
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M phase
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what is the major toxicity of mitotic inhibitors
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peripheral nerve damage
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what 5 cancers are treated with mitotic inhibitors
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breast
lung leukemias lymphomas myelomas |
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what 5 agents are the most common mitotic inhibitors
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taxotere
taxol abraxane ixempra navelbine |
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what 5 cancers are treated with taxotere
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breast
lung prostate stomach head/neck |
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what 6 cancers are treated with taxol
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breast
ovarian lung bladder prostate melanoma esophageal |
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whats the most common side effect of taxol
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peripheral neuropathy
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what cancer is treated with abraxane
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breast after failure of combo chemo for mets
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what cancer is treated with ixempra
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breast cancer
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what 3 cancers are treated with navelbine
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NSCLC
breast hodgkins |
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what are corticosteroids
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bind to steroid receptors
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what cancer is treated with corticosteroids
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multiple myelomas
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what are targeted therapies
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target different properties that set cancer cells apart from normal cells
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what 2 agents are common targeted therapies
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sutent
tarceva |
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what 2 cancers are treated with sutent
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renal cell carcinoma
gastrointestinal stromal tumors |
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what is hormone therapy
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alter the action or production of female or male hormones
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what 3 cancers are treated with hormone therapy
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breast
prostate endometrial |
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what are 5 common agents of hormone therapy
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casodex
zoladex arimidex femara aredia |
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what class is casodex
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anti-androgen
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what cancer is treated with casodex
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prostate
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whats the most common side effect of casodex
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hot flashes
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what class of drug is zoladex
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antihormal agent
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what 2 cancers are treated with zoladex
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prostate
breast |
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what is the most common side effect of zoladex
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bone pain
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what class of drug is arimidex
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aromatase inhibitor
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what class of drug is aredia
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biphosphonates
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what is aredia commonly used for
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bone mets
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what 5 factors are considered in drug selection
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cancer cell type
rate or drug absorption tumor location tumor load tumor resistance to chemo |
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what is the goal of combination regimens
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allows each med to enhaance action of the other (synergistic)
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what is nadir
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amount of time it takes for peripheral blood count to reach its lowest point after chemo administration
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what are the 3 types of neurotoxicity
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peripheral
central visceral |
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what are the 4 possible results of chemo
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complete remission
partial remission stabilization progression |
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what is complete remission
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tumor disappears but treatment continues
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what is partial remission
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50% disappear
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what is stabilization
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neither shrinks or grows
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what is progression
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grows despite treatment
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what are 5 major causes of chemo failures
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tumor cells reside in areas inaccessible
drug absorbed incompletely drug metabolized rapidly and excreted drug fails to convert to its active form drug resistance due to genetic and biochemical makeup of malignant cells |
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what are the 3 types of neurotoxicity
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peripheral
central visceral |
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what are the 4 possible results of chemo
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complete remission
partial remission stabilization progression |
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what is complete remission
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tumor disappears but treatment continues
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what is partial remission
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50% disappear
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what is stabilization
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neither shrinks or grows
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what is progression
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grows despite treatment
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what are 5 major causes of chemo failures
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tumor cells reside in areas inaccessible
drug absorbed incompletely drug metabolized rapidly and excreted drug fails to convert to its active form drug resistance due to genetic and biochemical makeup of malignant cells |
