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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Primates
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Members include Lemurs, Lorises, Humans, Apes, Monkey, and Tarisers
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Anthropoids
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Members of the suborder primates, includes MONKEYS,APES, and HUMANS
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Mammalian Traits
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-body hair
-long gestation and live birth -constant body temp -mammary glands -increased brain size -behavioral flexibility -different types of teeth |
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Diurnal
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Active during the day
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Olfaction
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The sense of smell
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Noctural
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Active during the night
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Stereoscopic Vision
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Condition where visual images are superimposed. Allows depth perception bc it facilitates 3D sight.
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Binocular Vision
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Vision is characterized by overlapping visual fields provided by forward-facing eyes.
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Neocortex
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Evolved portions of the cortex of the brain that are involved in higher mental functions, integrates incoming information from different sensory organs.
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Limbs & Locomotion (Primates)
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- Erect Posture
- Tactile Pads - Nails instead of Claws - Opposable Thumb - Retention of 5 digits -Flexible Limb Structure |
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Diet and Teeth ( Primates)
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- Lack of Specialization (Omnivorous)
- Generalized Dentiton |
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Depth Perception ( Primates)
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- Color Vision
- Binocular and Stereoscopic vision - Visual information is transferred to both hemispheres |
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Olfaction ( Primates)
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- Decreased reliance on olfaction
- Decreased size of the snout |
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Maturation (Primates)
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- More efficient means of nourishment
- Delayed maturation - Longer periods of gestation - Reduced Offspring - Extension of lifetime |
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Arboreal
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Tree-living, adapted to life in the trees.
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Adaptive Niche
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An organisms way of life, where is live,what it eats, and how it avoids predators.
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Dental Formula ( Old World)
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2123
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Dental Formula
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incisors,canines,premolars, molars. Number of each tooth that typifies each species.
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Dental Formula ( New World)
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1233
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Dental Formula ( Mammal)
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3143
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Quadrupedal
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Using all four limbs to support the body during locomotion, basic for for mammalian and primates.
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Brachiation
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Arm swinging, form of locomotion for primates.
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Lumbar
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Pertaining to the lower back
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Strepsirhini
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Suborder that includes LEMURS and LORISES
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Haplorhini
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Suborder that includes Tarsiers, Humans, Apes, and Monkeys
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Rhinarium
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LEMURS and LORISES. Moist fleshy pad at the end of the snout.
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Dental Comb
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LEMURS AND LORISES. Projecting lower incisors and canines.
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Anthropoid Traits
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- Increased body size
- Increased reliance on vision - Eye protected by bony plate - Fusion of the mandible |
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Ischial Callosities
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Patches of tough, hard skin on the buttocks of Old World Monkeys and Chimpanzees
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Cecropithecidae
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The family that old world monkeys are placed. Includes the suborders ceropithecines and colobines.
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Estrus
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A hormonally initiated period of sexual receptivity in non-human female mammals correlated with ovulation. Swelling and redness are symptoms.
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Colobines
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Old World Monkeys that include Asian Langurs and African Colobus Monkeys. They are leaf-eating monkeys.
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Cercopithecines
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Old World Monkeys that include Baboons, Guenons, and Macaques.
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Hominoids
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Members of the primate superfamily that include: APES and HUMANS.
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Hominoids Traits
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- Shortened Trunk
- No Tail - Arms longer than legs - Shoulder joint |
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PITHECIDAE (3)
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Saki, Uakari, Titi
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CEBIDAE (4)
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Owl, Marmoset, Squirrel, Capuchins
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ATELIDAE (3)
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Howler, Spider, Muriqui
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HYLOBATIDAE (2)
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Siamiangs and Gibbons
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BONOBOS
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Pan Paniscus
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PONGO PYGMAEUS
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Orangutan
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Lemurs are only found in ____
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Madagascar
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Rhinarium is characteristic of the _____ suborder.
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Strepsirhini
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Lemurs and Lorises have an increased reliance on their ____ sense
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Olfactory
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APES (3)
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Gorillas, Orangutans, Chimpanzees
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The common form of locomotion for Tarsiers and Lemurs
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Vertical Climbing and Leaping
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Angiosperm Radiation Theory
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The argument suggests that visual predation isnt that common among modern primates. Forward facing eyes ,grasping hands, omnivory, and color vison have arisen in response to the demand for visual and tactile discrimination.
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Visual Predation Theory
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Already arboreal animals did not possess primate-like adaptions. But visual predators already had forward facing eyes; such as, owls and cats. Grasping hands, and nails instead of claws so primates may ave adapted to their ground enviorns. first.
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New World Monkey Characteristics (5)
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- Found in S. Mexico, C. America, and S. America
- Outward facing noses -Grasping Tail -DF 2.1.3.3. -Ringlike earhole |
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Old World Monkeys Characteristics (5)
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- Downward facing nostrils
- DF 2.1.2.3 - Africa, S. Asia, and Japan -Tubelike earhole - Ischial Callosities |
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Arboreal Hypothesis
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After primates find their adaptive niche in te trees tey begin to take advantage of the food source. (leaves, nuts, seeds, fruits, insects) This facilitated te generalized dentition , increased reliance in vision and grasping hands and feet.
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PRIMATES (6)
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Apes, Humans, Monkeys, Lemurs, Tarsiers, Lorises
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NOCTURNAL PRIMATES (4)
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Tarsiers, Lorises, some Lemurs, and one monkey
species |
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Best diagnostic characteristics of a primate skull:
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Postorbital bar and Auditory Bulla
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Primates have expansion in the ___ and ___ areas of the brain.
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Sensory modalities and the Neocortex
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Stereoscopic Vision is provided by: (3)
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1) Binocular vision/forward-facing eyes
2) Visual information is transmitted to both sides of the brain 3) Visual information organized by specialized structures into three dimensions. |