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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the urinary system composed of
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paired kidneys (urine formation)
paired ureters (convey urine to bladder) urinary bladder (storage) the urethra (discharge) |
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what is the endocrine function of the kidney ?
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to make renin and erythropoitin (RBC formation)
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which kidney is more cranial ?
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right
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what kidney is located below 3r to 5th lumbar vertebrae?
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left
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what does the internal structure of the kidney consist of?
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cortex
medulla renal crest renal pelvis renal recesses renal sinus |
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renal cortex
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outer part of the parenchyma (kidney tissue)
shows granular appearance with reddish brown color |
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medulla
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inner part of the parenchyma
shows two zones interlobar vessels |
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medullary pyramids
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medually zones divided by interlobar vessels, these are not distinct in the dog.
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renal crest
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inner margin of the medulla (towards the hilus) which is in the form of crest
projects into renal pelvis |
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renal pelvis
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widened funnel shaped origin of the ureter
located inside the kidney collects the produce of the kidney continues as a ureter from each kidney |
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renal recesses
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extensions of the renal pelvis into medulla on both sides of the crest
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renal sinus
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the space occupied by the renal pelvis and adipose tissue at the hilus of the kidney
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the nephron is composed of what
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renal corpuscle
proximal convoluted tubule hairpin loop/ loop of henle distal convoluted tubule collecting tubule papillary ducts |
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renal corpuscle
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nephron begins as a blind expansion, glomerular capsule which is invaginated by a capillary cluster called glomerulus
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proximal convoluted tubule
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is the segment next to glomerular capsule which is highly coiled and continues into the loop of henle
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loop of henle
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u shaped tubule that has thin descending loop and thick ascending loop
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distal convoluted tubule
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a further continuation of ascending loop, which is also coiled
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collecting tubule
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is the last segment, which continues with papillary duct
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papillary ducts
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open into the renal pelvis at the renal papillae/ crest in the dog
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ureters
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extend from kidneys to bladder
begin at renal pelvis to origin of bladder located along the roof of the abdominal cavity accompany ductus deferens in male and broad ligament of uterus in female prevents reflux of urine into ureter |
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urinary bladder
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thick walled muscular sac that serves as a temporary reservoir of the urine
located on the floor of the pelvic cavity when empty, remains contracted and inside pelvic cavity when full, it is distended and gets projected into the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity |
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how is the urinary bladder attached to the pelvic wall?
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left and right lateral ligaments
median ligament, ventrally to the pelvic floor round ligaments are on the cranial edge of the lateral ligaments |
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the lateral ligaments are remnants of what?
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fetal umbilical arteries
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the female genitalia consist of 7 things
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ovaries
uterine tubes uterus- horns and body cervix vagina vestibule vulva |
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what suspends the ovaries in the abdominal cavity
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mesovarium
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what attaches the ovaries to the last rib?
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suspensory ligament
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internal ovary
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cortex
medulla |
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cortex of ovary
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outer part, dense
surrounded by tunica albugenia |
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ovary medulla
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inner loosely arranged
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graafian follicles
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at different developmental stages can be seen embedded in the cortex
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the uterine tube
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thin
enclosed as suspended by mesosalpinx carries mature ovum to uterine horn site of fertilization |
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the wall of the uterine tube is composed of ?
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mucosa
muscular layer and outermost serosa |
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what is the opening of the uterine tube into the abdominal opening?
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abdominal ostium
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what is the opening of uterine tube to uterine horn called?
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uterine ostium
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what are the three parts of the uterine tube?
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infundibulum
ampulla isthumus |
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infundibulum
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proximal widened funnel shaped portion. Finger like projections called fimbriae graps ovum
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ampulla
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distal to the infundibulum the wider and less tortous part
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isthumus
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terminal part oviduct that opens into the uterine horn. opening is referred to as uterine papillae in the bitch
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uterus
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womb
largest part of genitalia site of implantation of embryo bicornuate uterus |
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where is the uterus located?
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in the abdominal cavity dorsal to the intestinal loops
ventral to rectum at pelvic inlet |
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what are the three layers of the uterus wall
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endometrium (inner mucosa)
myometrium (middle muscularis) perimetrium (outermost serosa) |
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uterine horns
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long in polyocous (bitch) animals
diverge from uterine body located in the abdominal cavity |
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uterine body
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wider, union of the two horns
very short segment |
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cervix uteri
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narrowest lumen and thickest wall
serves as a spinchter vaginal portion projects into the vagina fornix vagina recess around the vaginal portion |
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what is the internal ostium
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body of the uterus
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what is external ostium
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vagina
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broad ligament of the uterus
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combined ligament formed by the mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and mesometrium
peritoneal fold with considerable thickness, which suspends female genitalia in the abdomal and pelvic cavity |
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vagina
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distensible copulatory organ
distinct longitudinal and indistinct circular mucosal folds |
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vaginal fornix
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proximal vagina distally limited by vaginal ostium continued caudally as the vestibule
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vaginal vestibule
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extends from the external urethral opening into the vagina to the vulvar cleft
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where are the female accessory sex glands located?
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in the walls of the vestibule
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external genital organs
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vulva and clitoris
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vuvla
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consists of the vulvar lips and vulvar cleft
vulvar lips form vulvar commissures dorsal commisure is rounded, ventral vommisure is pointed |
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the clitoris is wheere?
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in the clitorial fossa, sometimes protrude through it, like prepuce in males.
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