Prevet Anatomy Final

Front 1

what is the urinary system composed of

Back 1

paired kidneys (urine formation)
paired ureters (convey urine to bladder)
urinary bladder (storage)
the urethra (discharge)

Front 2

what is the endocrine function of the kidney ?

Back 2

to make renin and erythropoitin (RBC formation)

Front 3

which kidney is more cranial ?

Back 3

right

Front 4

what kidney is located below 3r to 5th lumbar vertebrae?

Back 4

left

Front 5

what does the internal structure of the kidney consist of?

Back 5

cortex
medulla
renal crest
renal pelvis
renal recesses
renal sinus

Front 6

renal cortex

Back 6

outer part of the parenchyma (kidney tissue)
shows granular appearance with reddish brown color

Front 7

medulla

Back 7

inner part of the parenchyma
shows two zones
interlobar vessels

Front 8

medullary pyramids

Back 8

medually zones divided by interlobar vessels, these are not distinct in the dog.

Front 9

renal crest

Back 9

inner margin of the medulla (towards the hilus) which is in the form of crest

projects into renal pelvis

Front 10

renal pelvis

Back 10

widened funnel shaped origin of the ureter
located inside the kidney
collects the produce of the kidney
continues as a ureter from each kidney

Front 11

renal recesses

Back 11

extensions of the renal pelvis into medulla on both sides of the crest

Front 12

renal sinus

Back 12

the space occupied by the renal pelvis and adipose tissue at the hilus of the kidney

Front 13

the nephron is composed of what

Back 13

renal corpuscle
proximal convoluted tubule
hairpin loop/ loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule
collecting tubule
papillary ducts

Front 14

renal corpuscle

Back 14

nephron begins as a blind expansion, glomerular capsule which is invaginated by a capillary cluster called glomerulus

Front 15

proximal convoluted tubule

Back 15

is the segment next to glomerular capsule which is highly coiled and continues into the loop of henle

Front 16

loop of henle

Back 16

u shaped tubule that has thin descending loop and thick ascending loop

Front 17

distal convoluted tubule

Back 17

a further continuation of ascending loop, which is also coiled

Front 18

collecting tubule

Back 18

is the last segment, which continues with papillary duct

Front 19

papillary ducts

Back 19

open into the renal pelvis at the renal papillae/ crest in the dog

Front 20

ureters

Back 20

extend from kidneys to bladder
begin at renal pelvis to origin of bladder
located along the roof of the abdominal cavity
accompany ductus deferens in male and broad ligament of uterus in female
prevents reflux of urine into ureter

Front 21

urinary bladder

Back 21

thick walled muscular sac that serves as a temporary reservoir of the urine
located on the floor of the pelvic cavity
when empty, remains contracted and inside pelvic cavity
when full, it is distended and gets projected into the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity

Front 22

how is the urinary bladder attached to the pelvic wall?

Back 22

left and right lateral ligaments
median ligament, ventrally to the pelvic floor
round ligaments are on the cranial edge of the lateral ligaments

Front 23

the lateral ligaments are remnants of what?

Back 23

fetal umbilical arteries

Front 24

the female genitalia consist of 7 things

Back 24

ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus- horns and body
cervix
vagina
vestibule
vulva

Front 25

what suspends the ovaries in the abdominal cavity

Back 25

mesovarium

Front 26

what attaches the ovaries to the last rib?

Back 26

suspensory ligament

Front 27

internal ovary

Back 27

cortex
medulla

Front 28

cortex of ovary

Back 28

outer part, dense
surrounded by tunica albugenia

Front 29

ovary medulla

Back 29

inner loosely arranged

Front 30

graafian follicles

Back 30

at different developmental stages can be seen embedded in the cortex

Front 31

the uterine tube

Back 31

thin
enclosed as suspended by mesosalpinx
carries mature ovum to uterine horn
site of fertilization

Front 32

the wall of the uterine tube is composed of ?

Back 32

mucosa
muscular layer
and outermost serosa

Front 33

what is the opening of the uterine tube into the abdominal opening?

Back 33

abdominal ostium

Front 34

what is the opening of uterine tube to uterine horn called?

Back 34

uterine ostium

Front 35

what are the three parts of the uterine tube?

Back 35

infundibulum
ampulla
isthumus

Front 36

infundibulum

Back 36

proximal widened funnel shaped portion. Finger like projections called fimbriae graps ovum

Front 37

ampulla

Back 37

distal to the infundibulum the wider and less tortous part

Front 38

isthumus

Back 38

terminal part oviduct that opens into the uterine horn. opening is referred to as uterine papillae in the bitch

Front 39

uterus

Back 39

womb
largest part of genitalia
site of implantation of embryo
bicornuate uterus

Front 40

where is the uterus located?

Back 40

in the abdominal cavity dorsal to the intestinal loops

ventral to rectum at pelvic inlet

Front 41

what are the three layers of the uterus wall

Back 41

endometrium (inner mucosa)
myometrium (middle muscularis)
perimetrium (outermost serosa)

Front 42

uterine horns

Back 42

long in polyocous (bitch) animals
diverge from uterine body
located in the abdominal cavity

Front 43

uterine body

Back 43

wider, union of the two horns
very short segment

Front 44

cervix uteri

Back 44

narrowest lumen and thickest wall
serves as a spinchter
vaginal portion projects into the vagina
fornix vagina recess around the vaginal portion

Front 45

what is the internal ostium

Back 45

body of the uterus

Front 46

what is external ostium

Back 46

vagina

Front 47

broad ligament of the uterus

Back 47

combined ligament formed by the mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and mesometrium

peritoneal fold with considerable thickness, which suspends female genitalia in the abdomal and pelvic cavity

Front 48

vagina

Back 48

distensible copulatory organ
distinct longitudinal and indistinct circular mucosal folds

Front 49

vaginal fornix

Back 49

proximal vagina distally limited by vaginal ostium continued caudally as the vestibule

Front 50

vaginal vestibule

Back 50

extends from the external urethral opening into the vagina to the vulvar cleft

Front 51

where are the female accessory sex glands located?

Back 51

in the walls of the vestibule

Front 52

external genital organs

Back 52

vulva and clitoris

Front 53

vuvla

Back 53

consists of the vulvar lips and vulvar cleft
vulvar lips form vulvar commissures
dorsal commisure is rounded, ventral vommisure is pointed

Front 54

the clitoris is wheere?

Back 54

in the clitorial fossa, sometimes protrude through it, like prepuce in males.