Preventive Test 1

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affects one ore more organs, or the whole body; these diseases are believed to have an influence on the general health and consequently dental health

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systemic disease

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marked difference in quality of health status among populations

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health disparity

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the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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health

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focues on the preventive aspect of the dental hygiene sciences and emphasizes the use of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities to prevent disease

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primary prevention

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method of applying or using any therapeutic agent

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therapeutic modality

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a method used to diagnose a condition

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diagnostic modality

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naturally acquired bacterial biofilm that develops on teeth

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plaque

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accomplished by brushing and flossing teeth, and using other preventive products

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self-care

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removal of hard deposits from the teeth using manual or ultra sonic dental instruments

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periodontal debridement

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addition of fluroide to water supply

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water fluridation

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replacement of lost minerals in teeth

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remineralization

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initial stage of tooth decay

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incipient lesion

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inflammtion of gingivia

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gingivitis

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those who have teeth

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dentate

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infections caused by a usually harmless microorganism that can become capable of causing disease when the hosts resistence is impared

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opportunistic infection

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sequelae

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after effects of a disease

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pathogenic dental plaque on the surfaces of teeth

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plaque disease

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when undermined tooth enamel have demineralized into a cariou lesion

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overt cavitation

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a special bony layer of connective tissue that covers the root

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cementum

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gingivia in contact with the tooth

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contiguous gingivia

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structural and functional deviations from the normal that constitute disease or characterize a particular disease

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clinical pathology

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the tissue that lines the shallow space between the gingivia and the root of the tooth

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gingival sulcus

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decay that has not penetrated tooth enamel

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noninvasion caries

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tissue that surrounds the tooth

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peridontum

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hard calcified deposits of plaque that has become mineralized

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calculus

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agents applied to the surface of the organism (tooth)

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exogenous antimicrobial agents

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surface covered by a membrance that secrets mucus

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gingivial mucosal

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subsurface organic material appears as a fringe-like structure attached to the basal lamina and is compsed of residual enamel matrix proteins

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subsurface pellicle

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the pellicle that orignates from local cells during tooth formation

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endogenous orgion

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an erupted tooth immediatly becomes covered by a thin, microscopic coathing of saliva material, the salivary components become absorded to the enamel within seconds

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pellicle

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pellicle that was formed by a substance from outside the tooth

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exogenous orgin

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microscopic organisms found in specific area

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microbiota

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coating of salivary origin that forms on exposed tooth surfaces

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acquired pellicle

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colonization in a sheltered or undistured environment

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stagnation

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debris which means white matter

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materia alba

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an enzyme that converts the glucose portion of sugar, sucrose in extracellular polysaccaride

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glucosyltransferase

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bacterial surface appendages

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finbriae

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structural protein that constitues the bulk of some finbria

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pilin

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positively charged divalent calcium ions in the saliva that help to link the negatively charged cell surface of bacteria to the negatively charged acquired pellicle

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calcium bridging

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pioneer species, these are the microorganisms that are able to stick directly to the acquired pellicle

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primary colonizers

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adhere to the primary colonizers

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secondary colonizers

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columnar microcolonies of cells

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palisades

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to cope with hostile environments plaque organisms must find a safe haven in relation to their neighbors and the oral environment

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ecologic niche

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acid production

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acidogenesis

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condtions that involve many organs or the whole body

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systemic conditions

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loss of all teeth

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edentulism

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initital stage of tooth decay that has not penetrated the outer surface od the tooth

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incipent lesion

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dry mouth

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xerostomia

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the final phase of caries development

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overt or frank lesion

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the time between the onset of the incipient lesion in one or more teeth and the development of cavitation is rapid and extensive

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rampant dental caries

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microscopic permits precise measurement of of an amount of space

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pore space

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tooth enamel is made up of interlocking structures

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enamel rods

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an incipient lesion but no cavitation

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caries-inactive

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responsible for the formation of enamel

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ameloblasts

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responsible for the formation of dentin

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odnotoblasts

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extension of the odontoblast into the dential tubules

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odnotoblastic process

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lining of the tubule (hypercalcified layer)

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peritubular dentin

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intertubular dentin

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mantle dentin

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complete calcification results in a hard calcified group of tubules

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sclerotic dentin

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detachment of collagen fibers from the cementum and subsequent movement of the zone of soft tissue attachment to the tooth

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loss of attachment

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clinical attachment loss

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periodontal pockets

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surrounds each tooth in a cuff like fashion and is not attached to the tooth

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marginal gingiva

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defines the boundaries between the attached and marginal gingiva

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free marginal gingiva

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aid the tissue in withstanding the forces of mastication and connect the marginal gingiva with the cementum and that attached gingiva

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gingival fibers

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fibers the encircle the tooth within the marginal gingiva

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circular or circumferential fibers

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fibers that are inserted into the cementum and extend into the crest and periosteum of the alveolar bone just beneath the epithelium at the base of the gingival sulcus

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gingivodental or dentogingival fibers

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anchor the tooth to the bone

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dentoperiosteal fibers

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fibers that extend from the alveolar crest to the marginal and attached gingiva

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alveologingival fibers

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fibers located interproximally and extend from the cementum of one tooth over the alvelolar crest of interproximal bone and into the cementum of the adjacent tooth

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transseptal fibers

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two papillae are connected beneath the tooth contact by a concave shaped nonkeratininzed tissue

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col

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thin nonkeratinized mucosal layer that is loosely attached to the alveolar process

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alveolar mucosa

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shallow space around each tooth

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gingival crevice

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network of collagen fibers, surrounds the tooth root and connects it with the alveolar bone

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periodontal ligament

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fibers that extend obliquely from the cementum to the alveolar crest

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alveolar crest fibers

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fibers located at the cervical area andalso resist lateral forces

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horizontal fibers

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fibers that extend in an oblique fashion from the alveolar bone to the cementum and bear the stress of chewing

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oblique fibers

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fibers from at the tooth apex and are generally parallel to the long axis of the tooth to help cushion the tooth from occlusal forces

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apical fibers

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related periodontal disease to the overall amount of plaque present

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nonspecific plaque hypothesis

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removal of plaque (biofilm) calculus and stains by supragingival and subgingival instruments combinded with selective coronal polishing

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oral prophylaxis

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movement of a cell along a chemical concentration gradient away from chemical stimilus

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chemotactic

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inflammtion of blood vessels

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vasculitis

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highly destructive form of periodontal disease that can be locialized or generalized

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aggressive periodontitis

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gingival lesions close to the crown

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pericoronal lesion

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modifierss of the susceptibility to periodontal disease and not to seprate diseas, these modifiers such as recession, lack of keratinized gingiva, or decreased death of the vestiblule

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developmental or acquired deformities and condidtions

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behavior, inherenet characteristics or environmental exposure associated with a disease

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risk factors

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the study of structure and function of organisms in terms of their DNA sequence

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genomics

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periodontal disease that continues to progress or recur despite professional care and self care

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refactory periodontal disease