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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is prevention?
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actions aimed at eradication, eliminating or minimizing the impact disease and disability. The concept of prevention is best defined in the context of levels
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What is primary prevention?
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prevents disease from occurring by preventing transmission or preventing infection from progressing
goal is to reduce incidence ex vaccination, hygiene, cooking, water treating |
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What is secondary prevention?
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Delays onset and duration of clinical disease
Does NOT prevent disease just detect early stages goal is to improve survival examples: screening for cancer, annual physical exams, blood work |
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What is tertiary prevention?
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slows disease progression and reduces sequelae
maintains quality of life goal is to improve survival Examples: manage disease (DM), shoes for equine navicular disease, eye enucleation for eye cancer, claw removal for septic pedal arthritis |
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What is control?
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the reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality to an acceptable level
continued measure are required to maintain reduction influenza in horses, dogs, poultry, swine, people Johne's disease in a dairy herd |
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What is elimination?
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reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts
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What is eradication?
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permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts; intervention measures are no longer needed
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What is isolation?
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the separation of infected symptomatic animals or infectious materials from the susceptible population
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What is Quarantine?
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preventing movement of ANY susceptible animals or potential infectious materials in or out
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What are test and cull systems?
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slaughter as a form of control
test animals on a regular bass and cull infected animals immediately |
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What is depopulation?
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slaughter as a form of control
euthanize all susceptible animals withing a geographic area |
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What is vaccination?
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achieving a level of herd immunity
reduces the proportion of susceptible individuals in population that is in contact with the disease |
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What is prophylaxis?
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antimicrobial chemicals used as a preventative to treat infection before it progresses to disease state
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What are ways to manage disease control an prevention?
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rodent and insect control
hygiene disinfection waste management population density air circulation housing/caging design Bio security |
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What is the most important step for controlling disease?
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education
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What are the phases in approach to eradication?
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phase 1- planning, training, infrastructure and development
phase 2 - actual disease reduction using a combination of control strategies and active surveillance phase 3 - mopping up the last few cases, very intense surveillance and response phase 4 implementing procedure to prevent disease re-introduction and for early warning |
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What are examples of Eradication histories?
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Screwworm - release sterile males
Caribbean Amblyomma - didn't work Rinderpenst - vaccine Brucellosis - free in cattle and swine |
