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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is papyrus?
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An early material for recording information. It was made from the leaves of the papyrus plant and used in Egypt in 300 B.C.
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What is parchment and when did it come into use?
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Parchment is made from the skins of animals, and comes into use in the 2nd C. B.C.E..
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At what point in history did parchment gain "complete ascendancy" over papyrus?
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By the first half of the 4th C. A.D. it had become apparent that papyrus was unsuitable for the book format.
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What Spanish invention in the 12th C. resulted in smoother and thinner paper?
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The stamping-mill.
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Where was paper invented and when?
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Paper was invented in China, and the oldest piece of paper that has been discovered to date is from 300 B.C.E.
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When did paper-making enter into the European sphere?
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Paper-making entered the European sphere through Islamic culture and Spain around 750 A.D.
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What is paper made from?
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Paper is made from natural fibers called cellulose.
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Who is responsible for the introduction of wood pulp into the paper-making process and when did this innovation come about?
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In 1800, Mathias Koops received the first patent for making paper out of wood pulp.
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When did the paper-making process become mechanized?
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Early in the 19th C., and by 1820-1830 most paper is made by machine.
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What is foxing?
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Stains, blotches found in paper. In some cases it may be rust caused by the mechanized process.
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What's a good website to consult for terminology relating to bookbinding and the conservation of books?
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http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/don/don.html
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What is a sheet of paper?
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A thin mat of tangled cellulose fibers.
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What is lignin and what makes it undesirable in archival paper?
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It's a glue binding together the cellulose fibers of a living plant. It's up to 30% of the bulk of wood pulp. It becomes more acidic and turns yellow with age.
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What holds paper together?
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As water in the cellulose fibers evaporates, the fibers shrink along their length and form hydrogen bonds where they contact other fibers.
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