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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the reagents for the preparation of an aliphatic amine? |
Ammonia and the appropriate haloalkane |
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What are the conditions for forming an aliphatic amine? |
Excess ethanolic ammonia (ammonia dissolved in ethanol) |
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What type of reaction is the formation of an aliphatic amine? |
Nucleophilic substitution |
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What is the overall equation for the synthesis of an aliphatic amine? |
Haloalkane+NH3-->amine + HCl |
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What may we need to do after the reaction to get rid of a salt? |
Add NaOH |
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What is the overall equation if NaOH is added? |
Haloalkane + NH3 +NaOH---> amine+NaCl+H2O |
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What can happen after we have formed the amine? |
Further substitution could occur to form a diamine etc |
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What are disadvantages of further substitution? |
Low % yield Separation by fractional distillation required to isolate the desired product-expensive |
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How do we prevent further substitution from occurring? |
We use an excess of ethanolic ammonia |
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How else can we form amines? |
We can reduce nitriles to form primary amines |
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What is the functional group of a nitrile? |
A carbon to nitrogen triple bond |
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What are the reagents for this reaction? |
Nitrile, H2 |
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What are the conditions for this reaction? |
Nickel catalyst |
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What type of reaction is this? |
Reduction |
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What is it important to remember in this reaction? |
The nitrile adds a carbon to the chain` |
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What is the reaction we use to prepare an aromatic amine? |
We reduce an aromatic nitro group to form ammonium salt |
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What are the reagents for this? |
Correct nitroarene, tin and concentrated HCl |
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What do the tin and HCl do? Include an equation |
They act as a reducing agent as the tin is oxidised. Sn --->SnCl2 |
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What are the conditions? |
Heat under reflux until the tin dissolves |
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What type of reaction is this? |
Reduction |
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What is used to represent the tin and HCl? |
[H] |
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What is the word equation for this reaction? |
Nitrobenzene + reducing agent---> phenylamine + water |
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What may also be required after this reaction? |
An excess of NaOH may be added afterwards to get rid of the salt |
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What else does this produce? |
NaCl as HCl forms the salt |
