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87 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Name some of the causes of stress for an EMT.
1. Multiple-casualty incidents
2. Calls involving infants and children
3. Severe injuries
4. Abuse and neglect
5. Death of a coworker
How can a EMT alleviate job-related stress?
1. Develop more healthful and positive dietary habits
2. Exercise
3. Devote time to relaxing
What are the stages of grief?
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
How should the EMT deal with grief?
1. Recognize the patient's needs
2. Be tolerant of anry reactions from patient and family
3. Listen empathetically
4. Do not falsely reassure
5. Offer as much comfort as you realistically can
List the types of personal protective equipment used in Standard Precautions.
1. Protective gloves
2. Hand washing
3. Eye and face protection
4. Masks
5. Gowns
Describe the purpose and process of a critical incident stress debriefing (CISD).
The critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) is a process in which a team of trained peer counselors and mental health professionals meet with rescuers and health care providers who have been involved in a major incident.The meetings are genrally held within 24 to 72 hours after the incident. The goal is to assist emergency-care workers in dealing with the stress related to that incident.
The introduction of dangerous chemicals, disease, or infectious materials.
contamination
A comprehensive system that includes education and resources to both prevent stress and to deal with stress appropriately when it occurs.
critical incident stress management (CISM)
The removal or cleansing of dangerous or infectious materials.
decontamination
The release of a harmful substance into the environment.
hazardous-material incident
An emergency involving multiple patients.
multiple-casualty incident (MCI)
The organisms that cause infection, such as viruses and bacteria.
pathogens
Equipment that protects the EMS worker from infection and/or exposure to the dangers of rescue operations.
personal protective equipment (PPE)
A strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious. Also known as body substance isolation (BSI),
Standard Precautions
A state of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus.
stress
Leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or greater medical training.
abandonment
A DNR order
advance directive
The obligation not to reveal information obtained about a patient except to other health care professionals involved in the patient’s care, or under subpoena, or in a court of law, or when the patient has signed a release of confidentiality.
confidentiality
Permission from the patient for care or other action by the EMT.
consent
A legal document, usually signed by the patient and his physician, which states that the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitative efforts.
do not resuscitate (DNR) order
An obligation to provide care to a patient.
duty to act
Consent given by adults who are of legal age and mentally competent to make a rational decision in regard to their medical well-being.
expressed consent
A series of laws, varying in each state, designed to provide limited legal protection for citizens and some health care personnel when they are administreing emergency care.
Good Samaritan Laws
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, a federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care information and providing the patient with control over how this information is used and distributed.
HIPAA
The consent it is presumed a patient or patient's parent or guardian would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent who cannot be contacted when care is needed.
implied consent
The location where a crime has been committed or any place that evidence relating to a crime may be found.
crime scene
Being legally responsible.
liability
A finding of failure to act properly in a situation in which there was a duty to act, that needed care as would reasonably be expected of the EMT was not provided, and that harm was caused to the patient as a result.
negligence
A person who has completed a legal document that allows for donation of organs and tissues in the event of death.
organ donor
A set of regulations and ethical considerations that define the scope, or extent and limits, of EMT's job.
scope of practice
What are the components of the Emergency Medical Services system?
1. The patient
2. A citizen calls 911
3. 911 dispatcher
4. First Responders
5. EMTs
6 Emergency department staff
7. Allied health staff
What are some of the special designations that hospitals may have?
1. Trauma center
2. Burn center
3. Pediatric center
4. Cardiac center
5. Stroke center
6. Poison control cener
What are the four national levels of EMS training and certification?
1. First Responder/EMT Responder
2. EMT-Basic
3. EMT-Intermediate/Advanced EMT
4. EMT-Paramedic
What are the roles and responsibilities of the EMT?
1. Personal safety
2. Safety of the crew, patient, and bystanders
3. Patient assessment
4. Patient care
5. Lifting and moving patients
6. Patient transport
7. Transfer of care
8. Patient advocacy
What are desirable physical attributes of the EMT?
1. Good health
2. Personal fitness
3. Ability to lift 125 pounds
4. Good eyesight, hearing, and speech
5. Good oral and written communication skills
What are desirable personal attributes of the EMT?
1. Pleasant
2. Sincere
3. Cooperative
4. Resourceful
5. Emotionally stable
6. Able to lead
7. A self starter
8. Neat and clean
9. Of good moral character and respectful to others
10. In control of personal habits
11. Able to listen to others
12. Non-judgemental and fair
What is the difference between on-line and off-line medical direction?
On-line orders are given by the on-duty physician, usually over the radio or phone to the EMT.
An EMT or other person authorized by a Medical Director to give medications and provide emergency care. The transfer of such authorization is an extension of the Medical Director's license to practice medicine.
designated agent
Oversight of the patient-care aspects of an EMS system by the Medical Director.
medical direction
Consists of standing orders issued by the Medical Director that allow EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the Medical Director or another physician.
off-line medical direction
Consists of orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT in the field by radio or telephone.
on-line medical direction
A physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient care aspects of the EMS system.
Medical Director
A system for telephone access to report emergencies. A dispatcher takes the information and alerts EMS or the fire departments as needed.
911 system
Has the additional capability of automatically identifying the caller's phone number and location.
Enhanced 911 system
Lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situations. Developed by the Medical Director of an EMS system.
protocols
A process of continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that require improvement.
quality improvement
A policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that authorizes EMTs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.
standing orders
Who started the first EMS and when?
The French in the 1790's
The modern EMS was developed in the
1960's
In 1966 the National Highway Safey Act charged the ____________ with developing EMS standards and assisting the states to upgrade the quality of their prehospital emeergency service.
US Department of Transportation
How is the communicable disease AIDS transmitted?
via IV drug use, unprotected sex, blood transfusions, accidental needlesticks, from mother to child
Which communicabe diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets?
Chicken pox
German measles
Tuberculosis
Whooping cough
Which communicabe diseases are transmitted by oral and nasal secretions?
Bacterial meningitis, and pneumonia
Which communicabe diseases are transmitted by respiratory secretions?
Tuberculosis
Whooping cough
Which communicabe diseases are transmitted by blood, stool, or body fluids?
Hepatitis
What is SARS?
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused by a respiratory virus spread by coughing sneezing, or touching contaminaed objects. Symptoms include fever, dry cough, and difficulty breathing
What did the Ryan White CARE Act establish?
Procedures by which emergency response workers may find out if they have been exposed to life-threatening infectious diseases
What are the three R's of reacting to danger?
retreat
radio
reevaluate
List the steps that must be taken when a patient refuses care.
To refuse care, a patient must:
1. be legally able to consent
2, be mentally competent and orientated
3. be fully informed
4. sign a "release" form
List several types of evidence at a crime scene.
Types of evidence:
1. Condition of the scene
2. The patient
3. Fingerprints and footprints
4. Microscopic evidence
List ways you may act to preserve evidence at a crime scene.
1. Remember what you touch
2. Minimize your impact on the scene
3. Work with police
What are the types of medical identification devices?
1. necklaces
2. bracelets
3. ID cards
What 3 conditions must be proven to charge the EMT with negligence?
1. EMT had a duty to act
2. EMT committed a breach of duty
3. EMT caused harm to the patient
How can an EMT persuade a patient to accept care and transportation?
1. Spend time speaking to the patient
2. Inform the patient of the consequences of not going to the hospital
3. Consult medical direction
4. Consult family members to help convince the patient
5. Try to determine why the patient is refusing care
Moves that may aggravate spine injuries and therefore are reserved for life-threatening situations
emergency moves
Moves that are used when the patient must be moved quickly but there is time to provide quick, temporary spinal stabilization
urgent moves
Normal ways of moving a patient to a stretcher after performing a complete on-scene assessment and completing any needed spinal stabilization and immobilization
non-urgent moves
The proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving and prevent injury
body mechanics
A method of transferring a patient from bed to stretcher, while curling the patient to the rescuers chest, then reversing the process to lower the patient
direct carry
A method of lifting and carrying a patient from ground level to a stretcher in which rescuers kneel, curl the patient to their chests, stand then reverse the process to lower the patient to the stretcher.
direct ground lift
A method of transferring a patient from bed to stretcher by grasping and pulling the loosened bottom sheet of the bed
draw sheet method
A method of lifting and carrying a patient with one rescuer slips hans under the patient's armpits and grasp the wrist, while another rescuer grasps the patient's knees
extremity lift
Gripping with as much hand surface as possible in contact with the object being lifted, all fingers bent at the same angle, hands at least 10 inches apart
power grip
A lift from a squatting position with weight to be lifted close to the body, feet apart and flat on the gorund, body weight on or just behind balls of feet, back locked in. The upper body is raised before the hips
power lift (aka squat lift position)
What should your consider bef0ore ligting a patient?
1. The patient's weight
2. You and your partner's physcial limitations
3. Make a plan for liftingthe patient
What are the rules for lifting?
1. Position your feet properly - shoulder width apart on level surface
2. Use your legs - not your back
3. Never turn or twist
4. Keep back straight and locked always
5. Use a stair chair
What rules apply when reaching?
1. Keep your back locked
2. Avoid twisting
3. Avoid reaching more than 15 - 20 inches in front of your body
4. Avoid prolonged reaching
What rules apply when pushing or pulling?
1. Push rather than pull
2. Pull by bending you kees
3. Keep back locked
4. Avoid overhead pushing or pulling
5. Keep elbows bent and arms close
6. Push or pull weight on ground from kneeling position
When should an emergency move be used?
1. The scene is hazardous
2. Care of life-threatening conditions requires repositioning
3. You must reach other patients
When should an urgent move be used?
1. The required treatment can only be performed if the[atient is moved
2. Factors at the scene cause the patient decline
Urgent moves are performed with
precautions for spinal injury.
List the types of drag urgent moves.
1. clothes drag
2. incline drag
3. should drag
4. foot drag
5. firefigter's drag
6. blanket drag
List the types of carry urgent moves.
1. Cradle carry
2. Pack strap carry
3. Firefighter's carry
4. Piggyback carry
5. Rescuer assist
What are the various patient carrying devices?
1. Wheeled stretcher
2. Portable stretcher
3. Scoop stretcher
4. Basket Stretcher
5, Flexible stretcher
6. Stair chair
List the types of patient immobilizing devices.
1. Short spine board
2. Long spine board
3. Ferno KED - vest type extrication device
List the non-urgent moves that can be used when no spine injury is suspected.
1. Extremity Carry
2. Draw Sheet Method
3. Direct Ground Lift
4. Direct Carry
Describe the long axis drag.
The greatest danger in an emergency move is aggravating a spine injury. To minimze the aggravation, move the patient in the direction of the long axis of the body when possible. The long axis is the line that runs down the center of the body from the top of the head and along the spine.