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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Atom |
Basic unit of matter |
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Nucleus |
The center of the atom which contains the protons and the neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities |
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Electron |
Negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus |
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Element |
Substance consisting entirely of one type of atom |
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Isotope |
Atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element |
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Compound |
Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
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Ionic Bond |
Bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
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Ion |
Atom that has a positive or negative charge |
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Covalent Bond |
Bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
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Molecule |
Smallest unit of most compound |
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van der Waals forces |
A slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
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Cohesion |
Attraction between molecules of the same substance |
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Adhesion |
Attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants, attraction between unlike molecules |
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Mixture |
Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
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Solution |
Mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed |
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Solute |
Substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution |
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Solvent |
Substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution |
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Suspension |
Mixture of water and non-dissolved materials |
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pH scale |
Measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0-14 |
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Acid |
Compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution |
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Base |
Compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution |
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Buffer |
Weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH |
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Monomer |
Small units that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
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Polymer |
Large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
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Carbohydrate |
Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body |
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Monosaccharide |
Single sugar molecule |
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Polysaccharide |
Large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides |
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Lipid |
Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
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Nucleic acid |
Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
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Nucleotide |
Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
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Ribonucleic Acid |
(RNA) Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose |
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
(DNA) Nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose |
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Protein |
Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes |
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Amino Acid |
Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
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Chemical reaction |
Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
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Reactant |
Element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction |
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Product |
Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction |
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Activation energy |
Energy needed to get a reaction started |
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Catalyst |
Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
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Enzyme |
Protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
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Substrate |
Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |