Preliminary Biology: Patterns In Nature - Outcome 1

Front 1

The Cell theory

Back 1

-All organisms consist of cells
-All cells are made from pre-existing cells
-The cell is the unit of structure, function, differentiation, and reproduction

Front 2

Robert Hooke

Back 2

Designed a compound microscope to observe cells in a cork. Was the first person to use the word 'cell'

Front 3

Robert Brown

Back 3

Recognized the nucleus as a regular feature in all plant cells and named it.

Front 4

Evidence to support cell theory (the 3 ppl)

Back 4

Robert Hooke, Walther Flemming, Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 5

Evidence to support cell theory: Robert Hooke

Back 5

Observations of cork cells proved that all living matter is compromised of small units called cells

Front 6

Evidence to support cell theory: Walther Flemming

Back 6

Experiment of mitosis confirmed that all cells come from pre-existing cells

Front 7

Evidence to support cell theory: Anton van leeuwenhoek

Back 7

Observation of unicellular organisms from a drop of stagnant rainwater showed that cells are the smallest units of life that made up even the tiniest organisms

Front 8

Discuss Light microscope

Back 8

Magnification up to 2000x

Advantages: Samples prepare quickly, living samples can be viewed

Disadvantages: Limited visible detail

Front 9

Discuss Electron microscope

Back 9

Magnification up to 1,000,000x

Advantages: High magnification and resolution allow particles as small as molecules to be viewed.

Disadvantages: Is expensive, takes a while to be prepared, and only non-living specimens can be viewed

Front 10

Visible cell organelles under light microscope

Back 10

-Cell wall
-Cell membrane
-Chloroplasts
-Cytoplasm
-Vacuole
-Nucleus

Front 11

Visible cell organelles under electron microscope

Back 11

-Cell wall
-Cell membrane
-Chloroplasts
-Cytoplasm
-Vacuole
-Nucleus
-Nucleolus
-Mitochondria
-Golgi body
-Rough/Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-Ribosome
-Lysosomes
-Centriole

Front 12

Structure and function: Mitochondria

Back 12

Structure:
Oval shape; Double membrane
with inner layer folded to provide
larger surface area - more reactions can
occur.

Function:
Site of aerobic respiration -
produces ATP

Front 13

Structure and function: Nucleus

Back 13

Structure:
Surrounded by double nuclear
membrane

Function:
Controls cell activities; contains most of cell's genetic material

Front 14

Structure and function: Nucleolus

Back 14

Structure:
Small round body composed of
RNA and protein

Function:
Manufacture of proteins; active part of DNA

Front 15

Structure and function: Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 15

Structure:
Folded membranes in cytoplasm -
allow chemical reactions to take
place

Function:
Connects cell membrane with
nuclear membrane, involved in
the transport of material

Front 16

Structure and function: Ribosome

Back 16

Structure:
Small black dots within cells. Often attached to ER. Found in cytoplasm, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

Function:
Produces protein

Front 17

Structure and function: Golgi body

Back 17

Structure:
Specialized areas of ER.

Function:
Packages proteins in its vesicles (sacs) before secretion

Front 18

Structure and function: Cell membrane

Back 18

Structure:
Semi-permeable; provides border for cell

Function:
Protects and supports organelles; allows for selective transport.

Front 19

Structure and function: Chloroplasts

Back 19

Structure:
Contains dense set of membranes - looks like stacked plates

Function:
Site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll and enzymes. The stacked membranes trap light energy.

Front 20

Structure and function: Lysosome

Back 20

Structure:
Small membrane bound sacs

Function:
Contains special enzymes that attack and destroy (dissolve) foreign proteins entering the cell

Front 21

Structure and function: Cell wall

Back 21

Structure:
Made of cellulose; rigid.

Function:
Protects and supports cell

Front 22

Structure and function: Vacuole

Back 22

Structure:
membrane bound cavity

Function:
Stores food, water, and waste