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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 2 pre-malignant skin lesions and two non-melanoma skin cancers
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Pre-malignant lesions = actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ
Malignant = basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma |
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What is the most common type of pre-malignant skin lesion?
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Actinic keratosis = 11-25% prevalance
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What percentage of actinic keratosis progresses to NMSC?
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5-20%
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What does actinic keratosis look like?
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Erythematous, scaly papule that is superficial
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What percentage of squamous cell cacinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) progresses to SCC?
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5% but higher if in genital area
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What does SCC in situ look like?
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Well-defined, thin, erythematous, scaly plaque (larger than AK)
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What is the most common human cancer?
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Non-melanoma skin cancer
(1 in 3 whites, 2x more in males) |
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What percentage of NMSC is BCC and what percent is SCC?
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BCC = 75%
SCC = 20% (opposite in immunosuppressed) |
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What is the risk of developing a second NMSC?
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50% in 5 years
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What percentage of BCC and SCC metastasize?
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BCC = 0
SCC = 3% |
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What are risk factors for developing NMSC? (6)
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UV
Radiation Immunosuppression Genodermatoses (Albinism, Xeroderma pigmentosum, Nevoid BCC syndrome) Precursor lesion (AK, SCC in situ) Chronic skin disorders - SCC only (HPV, burns, scars, ulcers) |
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What are the risks of UVB and UVA?
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UVB = Burning>aging>skin cancer
UVA = Aging>skin cancer (penetrates deeper and through windows) |
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What is the risk of developing skin cancer in transplant patients?
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>50% in 20 years
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Why is xeroderma pigmentosum a risk factor for developing skin cancer?
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DNA repair gene malfunctional so more at risk for developing cancer from UV exposure
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What does squamous cell carcinoma look like?
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Firm, flesh-coloured or red, keratotic papule/plaque/nodule (raised)
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What are different sub-types of basal cell carcinoma and what do they look like? (4)
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Nodular: pearly, flesh-coloured papule or plaque with rolled border and possible telangiectasias
Superficial: Red dermatitic papule or plaque Sclerosing: Scar-like, flesh coloured papule or plaque Pigmented: Dark pigmented papule/plaque/nodule |
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How do you prevent non-melanoma skin cancer?
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Sun protection = sunscreen, shade, protective clothing, avoid midday exposure
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What percentage of UV rays are blocked with SPF 2, 4, 8, 15, 30 and 60 sunscreen?
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2 = 50%
4 = 75% 8 = 87% 15 = 93% 30 = 97% 60 = 98% |
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How do you calculate SPF for sunscreen?
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SPF= minimum erythema dose with sunscreen/minimum erythema dose without sunscreen
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How do you treat non-melanoma skin cancer? (3)
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Topical - 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod
Destroy without margins (scrape, burn, freeze, photochemical, irradiate) Surgery with margins |
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What are options for destroying a NMSC without margins?
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Scraping = curettage
Burning = electrosurger, laser Freezing = cryotherapy Photochemical = photodynamic therapy Irradiation = Radiation |
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What are 2 types of surgical techniques used to remove non-melanoma skin cancer (with margins)?
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Standard excision
Mohs micrographic excision - for high risk cancers of head and neck |
