Pre-Cancer; Molecular Basis

Front 1

In the stomach, chronic atrophic gastritis of pernicious anemia can develop into?

Back 1

dysplasia and then gastric adenocarcinoma

Front 2

In the skin actinic (solar keratosis) can develop into?

Back 2

Skin cancer, usually squamous cell carcinoma

Front 3

In the oral cavity Oral leukoplakia can develop into?

Back 3

dysplasia and then squamous cell carcinoma

Front 4

Esophagus
precursor lesion?
associated cancer?

Back 4

-Glandular metaplasia; Barrets esophagus
-adenocarcinoma

Front 5

Stomach
precursor lesion?
associated cancer?

Back 5

-H. pylori infection
-Adenocarcinoma

Front 6

Colon
precursor lesion?
associated cancer?

Back 6

-Chronic ulcerative colitis (dysplasia) or tubular/villous adenoma
-adenocarcinoma

Front 7

Liver
precursor lesion?
associated cancer?

Back 7

-Cirrhosis (regenerative nodules)
-Adenocarcinoma (hepatocellular CA)

Front 8

Breast
precursor lesion?
associated cancer?

Back 8

-Atypical ductal hyperplasia
-adenocarcinoma

Front 9

Endometrium
precursor lesion?
associated cancer?

Back 9

-Hyperplasia/atypical hyperplasia, (endometrial intra-epithelial neoplasia-EIA)
-adenocarcinoma

Front 10

Skin
precursor lesion?
associated cancer?

Back 10

-Dysplastic nevus
-melanoma

Front 11

Vulva with vulvar leukoplakia
precursor lesion?
associated cancer?

Back 11

-vulvar intra-epithelial neoplasia (VIN)
-Squamous cell carcinoma

Front 12

Urinary bladder with papilloma
precursor lesion?
associated cancer?

Back 12

-Dysplasia-CIS (carcinoma in situ)
-Transitional carcinoma or urothelial carcinoma

Front 13

Prostate with BPH
precursor lesion?
associated cancer?

Back 13

-Prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN)
-Prostatic adenocarcinoma

Front 14

Ovary with serous cystadenoma
precursor lesion?
associated cancer?

Back 14

-borderline
-serous cystadenocarcinoma

Front 15

RB-Retinoblastoma
Inheritance?
chromosome?
gene type?
predisposition?

Back 15

-Autosomal dominant
-chromosome 13
-tumor suppressor gene
-osteosarcoma in adolescence

Front 16

FAP= familial adenomatous polyposis
inheritance?
gene and type?
-development of?

Back 16

-Autosomal dominant
-Adenomatous polyposis coli inactivation- tumor suppressor gene
-colorectal carcinoma development with malignant polyp transformation by 50yrs

Front 17

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIa (MEN-IIa) and RET
cause?
familial occurrence combo of? (3)

Back 17

-mutation of proto-oncogene RET
-medullary THYROID carcinoma, bilateral PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA HYPERPARATHYROIDISM due to tumor hyperplasia

Front 18

Xeroderma pigmentosa
what gene?
type of inheritance?
predisposition to?

Back 18

-mutated enzymes of nucleotide excision repair system (NER)
-autosomal recessie
-multiple skin cancers, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

Front 19

Ataxia Telangiectasia
gene and inheritance?
neural symptoms?
predisposition?

Back 19

-mutated ATM which responds to DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation (autosomal recessive)
-ataxic dyskinetic syndrome, telangiectasias in conjunctiva
-lymphoma, leukemia, breast cancer

Front 20

Bloom's syndrome
gene and inheritance?
predisposition?

Back 20

-mutation in BLM gene (chr 15), member of helicase family, (AR)
-lymphoma, leukemia

Front 21

Fanconi's anemia
gene and inheritance?
predisposition?

Back 21

-mutation in FAC chrom, instable when exposed to radiation or alkylating agents (can cause BM aplasia)
-lymphoma, leukemia

Front 22

Familial cancers:
-inactivation of BRCA-1/2?
-p16INK4a tumor suppressor gene mutation?

Back 22

-breast and ovary CA
-Familial melanoma

Front 23

Growth factor: PDGF-b chain
name?
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 23

-SIS (PBGFB)
-over expression
-astrocytoma, osteosarcoma

Front 24

Growth factor: Fibroblast
name?
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 24

-HSTI
-Over expression
-stomach cancer

Front 25

Growth factor: TGF-a
name?
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 25

-TGFA
-over expression
-astrocytoma, hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 26

Growth factor: HGF
name?
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 26

-HGF
-Over expression
-Thyroid cancer

Front 27

Growth factor Receptor: EGF family
name?
cancer funct?
cancer?
<2 types!!>

Back 27

-ERBB1 (EGFR), over expression, squamous cell carcinoma of lung, glioma (tx: cetuximab)
-ERRB2 (HER-2/Neu), amplification, Breast cancer (tx: trastumuzab)

Front 28

Growth Factor receptor: Neurotrophic factors
name?
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 28

-RET
-point mutation
-MEN 2a, 2b, familial medullary thyroid CA

Front 29

Growth factor receptor: PDGF
name?
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 29

-PDGFRB
-over expression
-glioma, leukemia

Front 30

Growth factor receptor: stem cell factor
name?
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 30

-KIT
-Point mutation
-Gastro-intestinal stromal tumor (Imatinib)

Front 31

Signal transduction proteins: GTP binding
name?
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 31

-KRAS
-Point mutation
-Pancreas, colon, lung

Front 32

Signal transduction proteins: Non-receptor tyrosine kinase
name?
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 32

-ABL
-Translocation
-Chronic myeloid leukemia (tx: imatinib/gleevec to inhibit tyrosine kinase)

Front 33

Signal transduction proteins: WNT signal
name?
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 33

-B-catenin
-point mutation or over expression
-hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 34

Nuclear regulating proteins: Transcriptional activator: C-MYC
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 34

-Translocation
-Burkitt lymphoma (translocation b/w C-myc protein on chr 8 and Ig heavy chain locus of chr 14)

Front 35

Nuclear regulating protein: Transcriptional activator: N-MYC
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 35

-Amplification
-Neuroblastoma, small cell CA of lung (highly malignant in kids)

Front 36

Cell Cycle regulators:
Cyclins D: (2)
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 36

-Translocation= mantle cell lymphoma
-amplification= breast and esophageal cancer

Front 37

Cell cycle regulators:
Cycling dependent: CDK4
cancer funct?
cancer?

Back 37

-Amplification, point mutation
-glioblastoma, melanoma, sarcoma