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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Mayflower Compact

the first governing document of Plymouth Colony that was written by separatist Congregationalists who called themselves "Saints". They were fleeing from religious persecution by King James of England.

French and Indian War as a cause of the American Revolution.

The French and Indian War was between France and Britain. Britain taxed the colonists with out a say in this, causing the American Revolution

Proclamation of 1763

Issued by King George and forbade settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.

Boston Massacre

Street fight between a patriot mob and British soldiers that resulted in the death of several colonists.

Lexington and Concord

These battles marked the first military engagements of the American Revolution.

Declaration of Independence

Written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that called for the United States to declare independence from Britain immediately.

Commander of the Continental Army

George Washington

Battle of Saratoga

Marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign giving a victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War.

Valley Forge

Military camp in Pennsylvania where the American Continental Army spent the winter of 1777–1778 during the American Revolutionary War

Yorktown

Last major battle of The Revolution which ended in Britain's surrender.

Articles of Confederation

This document served as the United States' first constitution, and was in force from March 1, 1781, until 1789 when the present day Constitution went into effect.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Established a systematic process for surveying, planning and selling townships in the western frontier.

Northwest Ordinance

A law passed in 1787 to regulate the settlement of the Northwest Territory, which eventually was divided into several states of the Middle West.

Shay's Rebellion

A series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt.

Constitutional Covention

Delegates met to discuss the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation.

Great Compromise

Adopted at the Constitutional Convention, providing the states with equal representation in the Senate and proportional representation in the House of Representatives.

Federalist #10

Written by James Madison, this essay defended the form of republican government proposed by the Constitution

Federalist #51

This Federalist Paper, James Madison explains and defends the checks and balances system in the Constitution.

Federalism

A system of government that supports a strong central government

Checks and Balances

Used to keep the government from getting too powerful in one branch.

Legislative Branch

Creates laws (House of Representatives)

Executive Branch

Enforces laws (President and Vice President)

Judicial Branch

Interprets laws (Supreme Court)

Supremacy Clause

Establishes that the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws, and even state constitutions.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Established the federal judiciary of the United States.

Washington's Cabinet

A group of men that Washington met with to discuss political matters. The members were:


Secretary of State-Thomas Jefferson


Secretary of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton


Secretary of War-Henry Knox


Attorney General-Edmond Randolph

Separation of Powers

Each of the three branches has defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches

Hamilton's Financial Plan

Created a National Bank to deal with the country's debt

Washington's Farewell Address

A letter written by George Washington, to "The People of the United States of America" warning Americans of the political dangers they can and must avoid if they are to remain true to their values.

XYZ Affair

A diplomatic incident that occurred between the United States and France in 1797 and ended when when American diplomats refused to pay money to meet with French Foreign Minister Talleyrand.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Consisted of four laws passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress as America prepared for war with France and were considered unconstitutional by Democratic-Republicans.

12th Amendment

Changed the way the president and vice president were chosen

Louisiana Purchase

A land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.

Jefferson's Inaugural Address

Jefferson stressed the union of the two political parties for a common goal

Loose Construction

People who beleive in the loose construction side feel that the Government can assume certain rights in doing things not mentioned in the Constitution

Strict Contruction

People who favor giving a narrow conservative construction of the Constitution.

Federalist Ideas

Supported a strong National Government and a National bank

Democratic-Republican ideas

Supported state governments and were against a National bank

War of 1812

Fought between America and Britain due to Britain preventing American exportation .

Spoils System

A practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party

Indian Removal Act

The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their ancestral homelands.

Tariff of 1828/Nullification Crisis

The "Tariff of 1828" was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. The Nullification Crisis was a sectional crisis in 1832–33, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, which involved a confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government.

Jackson and the National Bank

Andrew Jackson destroyed the National Bank because he he resented the bank’s lack of funding for expansion into the unsettled Western territories.

Whig Party

a political party active in the middle of the 19th century, they supported the supremacy of Congress over the Presidency and favored a program of modernization, banking and economic protectionism to stimulate manufacturing.

Manifest Destiny

A term for the attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast.

Adams-Onis Treaty

A treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.

Monroe Doctrine

Stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention.

Annexation

The political transition of land from the control of one entity to another

Texas

Texas became declared independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836

Oregon Treaty

Oregon Treaty set the U.S. and British North American border

Mexican Cession

A historical name in the United States for the region of the modern day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848