Pre Ap 9Th Grade Geography Review

Front 1

Ural Mountains

Back 1

The Ural Mountains divide Europe and Asia. They are relatively small and unimposing. They are in Russia, and contain many minerals.

Front 2

Caucasus Mountains

Back 2

In Russia, from Black Sea to Caspian Sea.

Front 3

Why did Poland have so few Jews during and after WWII?

Back 3

Almost all the Jews were killed by Nazi Germany.

Front 4

Velvet Revolution

Back 4

A revolution without bloodshed. Took place in Czechoslovakia when Soviet influence declined.

Front 5

What was life like in Russia after Communism?

Back 5

Gorbachev instituted reforms in the 1980s, including glasnost, "openness" (allowing freedom of speech, etc.), and a plan for perestroika, economic restructuring. Russia faced many challenges at first in its transition to a more democratic nation. Russians wanted the freedom of a democracy, but missed the security of Communism.

Front 6

What was life like in Kazakhstan during communism?

Back 6

The soviet government forced nomads to settle in villages and work government farms, growing wheat. Soviets encouraged development.

Front 7

Petroleum production in Southwest Asia

Back 7

In 1960, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia formed OPEC to increase profits and decrease western influence.

Front 8

3 major monotheistic religions

Back 8

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Front 9

Iran-Iraq War

Back 9

In 1980, Iraq invaded Iran, who launched a counterattack, causing war. Iraq had superior weapons, US sided with Iraq, but secretly sold weapons to Iran. Ceasefire in 1988. Many casualties on both sides, Iraq was left heavily in debt.

Front 10

Why have Arabian countries invested money to diversify their economies away from the oil industry?

Back 10

Oil won't last forever, so they need to establish other industry to fall back on when oil runs out someday.

Front 11

Jordan and the West Bank

Back 11

After independence in 1946, Jordan only had dry, rocky, desert soil. After the 1948 war between the Arab countries and Israel, Jordan annexed the West Bank, which provided fertile land for agriculture.

Front 12

Environmental problems in Azerbaijan

Back 12

Heavy pollution from petroleum and other chemical industries cause problems with the air and water, overuse of pesticides and fertilizer.

Front 13

Recent social and political unrest in Kenya

Back 13

hard times in the 1980s, when the population began growing rapidly.

Front 14

apartheid

Back 14

"apartness". system of laws instituted by whites to segregate blacks.

Front 15

homelands in Africa

Back 15

whites assigned South Africans to homelands, forcing them to live on a tiny percentage of the land in order to control them better.

Front 16

internal conflict in Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda

Back 16

power struggles have cause civil wars.

Front 17

How are West Africans improving their economy?

Back 17

women work hard to grow crops and establish agriculture cooperatives to improve the economy. They also run markets and small businesses. Their children help a lot.

Front 18

Nile River

Back 18

in Egypt, flows north, flanked on both sides by fertile land.

Front 19

Aswan High Dam

Back 19

In the 1960s, Nasser built the Aswan High Dam to store floodwater from the Nile in a huge reservoir, Lake Nasser, to provide irrigation, flood control, and electricity. Cons: caused relocation of many people, disrupted ecosystems, increases salination.

Front 20

Libya and Maghreb vs. the coastal regions

Back 20

Libya and Maghreb have always been more isolated than the coastal regions. mid-600s, Arabs invaded and brought with them Islam and Arabic. Became a major trade route between Europe, Africa, and Asia.

Front 21

Military overthrow of Nigerian government (1980s)

Back 21

Nigeria was very dependent on oil for income, and suffered greatly when oil prices fell. As the economy deteriorated, the military took over.

Front 22

Tropical rainforests in Africa

Back 22

are found along the western coast

Front 23

economic activities in Africa

Back 23

mainly subsistence farming, nomadic herding, petroleum and coal exports.

Front 24

World Bank

Back 24

agency of the United Nations that gives loans to countries engaging in developmental projects.

Front 25

Indian subcontinent

Back 25

Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Maldives, Sri Lanka.

Front 26

summer monsoons in South Asia

Back 26

cause flooding, leave people homeless, wash important things away.

Front 27

economic activity in South Asia

Back 27

mainly subsistence farming

Front 28

Mohandas Ghandi

Back 28

law student who studied in England and used nonviolent resistance to gain India's independence from the British.

Front 29

great migration of 1947 (South Asia)

Back 29

conflict between Muslims and Hindus, who feared be ruled by the other. Britain offered India independence, if both groups could agree on one government, but they couldn't agree. They decided to divide into two countries, Muslim Pakistan and Hindu Republic of India. Many people had to migrate to one country or the other to avoid being ruled by the opposite religion.

Front 30

Confucius

Back 30

came up with Confucianism, based on respecting laws, importance of family, loyalty, honesty, benevolence.

Front 31

Daoism

Back 31

path to happiness is in living harmoniously with the natural world.

Front 32

Tianenmen Square

Back 32

in early 1989, protests were held by 100,000 people in tianenmen square in china for democratic reforms. they were removed by the army and many were killed.

Front 33

population growth in china

Back 33

to control the huge population, deng intituted the one child policy.

Front 34

Japan and Ring of Fire

Back 34

Japans location on the Ring of Fire causes it to be affected by earthquakes, volcanoes, and typhoons.

Front 35

Roman catholic church, Communist poland

Back 35

During communist rule in poland, the poles were able to remain united in the roman catholic church.

Front 36

velvet divorce (czechoslovakia)

Back 36

slovaks felt dominated by the czechs, so together they had a velvet divorce in 1993, creating the czech republic and slovak republic.

Front 37

railroads in russia

Back 37

were important because transportation was difficult because of poor roads, and railroads were inexpensive and efficient.

Front 38

saudi arabia and israel importing food

Back 38

saudi arabia and israel don't have very good soil and can't grow enough food, so they import most of it.