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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
John Locke
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English Philosopher, explained the social contract theory in "Two treatises of government"
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Social Contract Theory
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Originated by Thomas Hobbes. Expanded and pushed by John Locke-
People need government to maintain social order because they have not yet discovered a way to live in groups without conflict. |
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4 purposes of Government
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Maintain Social Order
Provide National Security Enforce Laws Provide Public Services |
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4 theories that explain the Origin of the State
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Evolutionary theory- family evolved into it
Force Theory- people brouht under the authority of one person or group Divine Right Theory- God or gods choose Social Contract Theory- people surrendered to maintain order |
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Thomas Hobbes
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True originator of the Social Contract.
Stated that people surrendered power to the state to maintain order. State in return provided protection. - HE SAID- people were endowed with the right of Life, Liberty, and PROPERTY. - if government failed to preserve the rights of people, people had the rights to break the contract. |
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Capitalism
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1. Private Ownership
2. Free Enterprise 3. Competition 4. Choice |
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Socialism
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1. Equal distribution of wealth & economic opportunity
2. Government control of production 3. Public Ownership of land, factories & other means of production |
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Communism
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1. NO PRIVATE PROPERTY
2. Government Controls Distribution 3. Radical Overthrow of other governments |
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Liberal
Political Orientation |
1. government should actively promote social justice
2. economic freedom can be curtailed to increase equality. |
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Conservative
Political Orientation |
1. Limiting the role of government, except in supporting moral values
2. Private individuals should solve social problems 3. oppose limitations on businesses |
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Moderate
Political Orientation |
In-between liberals and conservatives.
- want government to regulate businesses and support moral values |
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Libertarian
Political Orientation |
1. support economic freedoms
2. support social freedoms 3. support free markets and free speech |
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Federalism
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Power divided between national and state governments
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Judicial Review
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Courts have the power to declare laws, and actions of the government invalid if they violate the constitution
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Two original Political Parties in the late 1700s
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1. Federalists-
2. Democratic-Republicans- - eventually split into the Democrats and Whigs |
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Dixie-Crat
(Portmanteau) |
Member of the "States Rights Democratic Party"
- Small faction of segregationists that was created in response to the 1948 election race (Truman eventually won) |