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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plessy v. Ferguson |
Supreme Court decision upholding "separate but equal" doctrine in public facilities. |
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas |
Supreme Court decision declared "separate but equal" unconstitutional. |
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Bill of Rights |
First 10 amendments of the constitution. Constitutional protection of individual rights. |
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The Monroe Doctrine |
Stated any European nation's attempt of colonize any area in North or South America would be seen as an act of aggression against the United States. |
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Drafted the Bill of Rights |
James Madison |
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"I have not yet begun to fight" |
John Paul Jones |
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Townshed Acts |
Acts that placed new taxes on many items important to the colonists including glass, paper, and tea. |
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Shipped from the colonies to England |
Lumber, Whale Oil, and Fish |
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Southern Colonies |
Maryland, Virginia, The Carolinas, and Georgia |
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Mayflower Compact |
Rules of government written by the Pilgrams |
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What country did Ponce de Leon represent? |
Spain |
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Founded Quebec |
Samuel de Champlain |
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Aztec ruler who was defeated |
Montezuma |
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Conquered the Incas in Peru |
Fracisco Pizzaro |
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Defeated the Aztecs |
Hernando Cortes |
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Led the 2nd expedition around the world |
Sir Francis Drake |
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Region the Chinook inhabited |
Northwest Coast |
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Known as the "Mother Civilization" of Mesoamerica |
Olmecs |
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Said "These united colonies are, and of right, ought to be free and independent states" |
Richard Henry Lee |
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Riders that warned the colonists of the British plans to take supplies at Concord, Mass. |
Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott when Paul Revere was captured. |
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Shipped from England to the Colonies |
Tools, guns, cloth, and furniture. |
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Where the Incan civilization was located |
Southern Peru, and grew to include all of modern day Peru as well as parts of Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina. |
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Mesoamerican Civilization formed around 1200 and their main city was Tenochtitlan. |
Aztec |
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Mesoamerican Civilization called "Greeks of the New World" |
Mayans |
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Mesoamericans that carved very large heads in stone. |
Olmecs |
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3 branches of government |
Executive, Legislative, and Judicial |
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England's first successful colony in America |
Jamestown |
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England's first colony in North America (failed) |
Roanoke |
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Triangular Trade |
3 way trade between Africa, England, and the Colonies/Caribbean |
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Mercantilism |
Idea that colonies exist to benefit the economy of the mother country |
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Middle Colonies |
New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey |
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New England Colonies |
New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts |
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Cold War |
Political war between USSR and its communist allies against the USA and others. |
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Electoral College |
A group selected by the states to elect the president and vise president, in which each state's number of electors equal to the number of its senators and representatives in Congress |
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Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) |
Denied citizenship to African American slaves. |
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Judicial Branch |
Evaluates laws. Made up of the court system: Supreme Court and other federal courts. |
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Congress |
Contains the House of Representatives and the Senate. Legislative. |
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Spanish-American War (1898) |
War between Spain and USA |
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Ferdinand Magellan |
His expedition was the first to sail around the world, though he was killed in the Philippians during his journey. |
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Sir Francis Drake |
Led the 2nd expedition around the world |
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Senate |
100 elected senators total; 2 senators per state. |
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How long a senators term is for |
6-year terms. |
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Mixed Economy |
2+ economies combined in 1 country |
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Traditional Economy |
Everything is based on traditions |
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Articles of Confederation |
Goal that was clearly expressed was a limit of the power of the national government. This document, the nations first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781 during the revolution. The document was limited because states held most of the power, and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage. |
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WWII(1939-1945) |
Global war which waged over 2/3 of the entire planet; every continent except Antarctica and South. |
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Reconstruction |
Period after the Civil War in the USA when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union |
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Slash-and-burn agriculture |
System of cultivation. Constant renewing by clearing forest floors by fire and then planting. |
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5 themes of geography |
Location, Place, Human/Environment interaction, Movement, Region |
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19th Amendment (1920) |
Extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections |
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13th Amendment (1865) |
Abolishes slavery |
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Yalta Conference |
Conference in Yalta in February 1945 where Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill planned the final stages of WWII and agreed to the territorial division of Europe. |
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Theodore Roosevelt |
President from 1901-1909. Led the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War. |
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95 Theses |
Written by Marin Luther. Regarded as initial catalyst for the Protestant Reformation |
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Sir Walter Raleigh |
Organized 3 expeditions to the New World between 1584-1587 because he wanted to establish a permanent colony for England. |
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Andrew Carnegie |
US industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education, public libraries and research trusts. |
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Manifest Destiny |
Phrase first used in 1845 to urge annexation of Texas and used thereafter to encourage American settlement of European colonial and Indian lands in the Great Plains and The West and more generally, as justification for American empire |
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New Deal |
Series of economic programs passed by Congress during the 1st term of FDR. The programs were responses to the Great Depression, and focused on relief, recovery, and reform. |
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Jesse Owens |
Athlete who won 4 gold medals in the 1936 Olympics. |
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Amelia Earhart |
First woman to fly solo over the Atlantic Ocean |
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Boston Tea Party (1773) |
Demonstration by the citizens of Boston who (disguised as Indians) raided 3 British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor |
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Women's Suffrage |
The women's right to vote. The movement developed from the fights against slavery. |
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Marbury v. Madison (1803) |
Established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review over Congress. |
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Emancipation Proclamation |
Abraham Lincoln, Sep 22, 1862. Declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free. |
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WWI |
1914-1918. Rivalry between different nations in Europe. Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia. |
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Apollo II |
The first spaceflight that landed humans on the moon (1969) |
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Manhattan Project |
A project to design, build, and detonate a nuclear weapon. |
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League of Nations |
Est. after WWI under the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. Brought about much international cooperation on health, labor problems, refugee affairs. |
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Glass Ceiling |
Barrier to advancement in a professions affecting women and minorities |
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5 Oceans |
Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Antarctic. The largest is the Pacific |
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Cuban Missile Crisis |
Kruchev tried to build nuclear bases in Cuba; 2 superpowers were brought to the brink of war. 1962 President Kennedy declared a naval blockade of Cube. Kruchev agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba. |
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Thomas Edison |
Invented the lightbulb |
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Samuel Morse |
Morse Code -> Telegraph |
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Alexander Graham Bell |
Telephone |
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Elias Howe |
Sewing Machine |
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Orville and Wilbur Wright |
Airplane |
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Robert Fulton |
Steamboat ("Fulton's Folly") |
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Henry Ford |
Automobile |
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Guglielmo Marconi |
Radio |
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Amerigo Vespucci |
America is named after him |
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Eli Whitney |
Cotton Gin |
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Federal Reserve Bank |
Founded by the US Congress in 1913 to provide the nation with a saffe, flexible, and stable monetary/financial system. |
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Federal Trade commission: |
Est. in 1914 that administers antitrust and consumer protection legislation in pursuit of free and fair competition in the marketplace. |
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French Revolution |
1789-1799. The French helped America with the American Revolution causing them to go bankrupt. |
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Roosevelt Corollary |
Addition to the Monroe Doctrine articulated by Roosevelt in his state of the Union address in 1904 after the Venezuela Crisis of 1902-03. Us might intervene in the affairs of an American republic threatened with seizure or intervention by a European country. |
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Paris Peace Conference (Versailles Peace Conference) |
Meeting of Allied victors, following the end of WWI to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers following the armistices of 1918. |
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14th Amendment (1866) |
Citizenship for African Americans. Repeal of the 3/5 compromise. Denial of former confederate officials from holding national or state office. Reject confederate debts. |
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7 Continents |
Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America. The largest is Asia |
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Legislative Branch |
Makes laws. Made up of Congress and several government agencies. |
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House of Representatives |
435 representatives; the number of representatives is based on each state's population. Serves a 2 year term and may be re-elected. |
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15th Amendment (1869) |
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color, or condition of servitude. |
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Executive Branch |
Carries out laws. Composed of the President, Vice President, and Cabinet members. |
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The Battle of Yorktown |
The winning battle of the Revolution and what made the French alliance so important. |
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Supreme Court |
The highest court in the country. 9 justices are nominated by the President and must be approved by the Senate. Serves for life. Judicial. |
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The Pendleton Act |
1883. Established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation. |
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Trail of Tears |
Biggest Movement of Native Americans |
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Worst Battle of the Civil War |
Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. It lasted 3 days. The Union was victorious. |
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The Compromise of 1850 |
Stated that California could be a free state. Utah, New Mexico, and other western states could decide on their own when they joined the union. Slave trade in DC abolished. Texas would be given $10mil for N.M., Fugitive Slave law developed. |
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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo |
Treaty that brought an end to the Mexican War in 1848 |
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Harriet Beecher Stowe |
Wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin" |
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Horice Mann |
Redeveloped Mass. school system, other states began to follow their lead. |
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Baltimore-Ohio Railroad |
Train ran with 1st Passenger train (ran 13 miles) |
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The Erie Canal |
First major canal, completed in 1825 |
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John Deere |
Invented the steel plow |
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Cyrus McCormick |
Invented a machine called the reaper |
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James Monroe |
Presidency known as "The Era of Good Feeling." Elected in 1817. His election ended the Federalist Party. |
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Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) |
Treaty that gave Florida to the U.S. |
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Peloponnesian War |
Ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. |
