Praxis -Esophageus

Front 1

size of esophageus

Back 1

flattened muscular tube of 18 to 26 cm from the upper sphincter to the lower sphincter

Front 2

found beginning at C___

Back 2

C5-6 vertebral interspace at the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage), the esophagus descends anteriorly to the vertebral column through the superior and posterior mediastinum
After traversing the diaphragm at the diaphragmatic hiatus (T10 vertebral level) the esophagus extends through the gastroesophageal junction to end at the orifice of the cardia of the stomach (T11 vertebral level

Front 3

2 high pressure zones prevent the backflow of food

Back 3

Upper and lower esophageal sphincter
upper sphincter is derived from 4, 5, 6, brachial arches

Front 4

between swallows the esophageus is

Back 4

the esophagus is collapsed but the lumen can distend to approximately 2 cm in the anterior-posterior dimension and up to 3 cm laterally to accommodate a swallowed bolus

Front 5

3 distinct regions of esophageus

Back 5

cervical, thoracic, and abdominal

Front 6

Innervation

Back 6

The esophagus, like the rest of the viscera, receives dual sensory innervation, traditionally referred to as parasympathetic and sympathetic, but more properly based on the actual nerves, vagal, and spinal

Front 7

Muscles

Back 7

longitudinal outside circular inside
composed of striated and smooth muscle mixed of striated and smooth muscle in the middle

Front 8

circular layer provides

Back 8

peristalic contraction that propels food toward the stomach. The circular fibers are continuous with the inferior constrictor muscle of the hypopharynx; they run transverse at the cranial and caudal regions of the esophagus, but oblique in the body of the esophagus.

Front 9

UES

Back 9

a musculocartilaginous structure composed of the posterior surface of the thyroid and cricoid cartilage, the hyoid bone, and three muscles: cricopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, and cranial cervical esophagus. Each muscle plays a different role in UES function.33 These three muscles spread upward, posteriorly, where they insert into the esophageal submucosa after crossing the muscle bundles of the opposite side. The thyropharyngeus muscle is obliquely oriented, whereas the cricopharyngeus muscle is transversely oriented. Between these two muscles, there is a zone of sparse musculature—the Killian's triangle, from which Zenker's diverticulum might emerge.

Front 10

wall of esophageus

Back 10

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and adventitia.

Front 11

Most common congenital abnormalities is

Back 11

Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia

Front 12

congenital stenosis

Back 12

is most commonly found in distal third

Front 13

upper 1/3 of esophageus is made of

Back 13

striated muscle

Front 14

lower 2/3

Back 14

smooth muscle

Front 15

Duration of food going through esophageus is normally

Back 15

8 to 20 secs