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244 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
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Benjamin Franklin organize the first volunteer fire company in Philadelphia Pennsylvania on what date

January 17, 1736


Occurred in 1666 in the pudding Lane area of London England

The great fire of London

Cincinnati Ohio became the first American city to have a fully paid fire department. Year?

1853

Organized first volunteer fire company in Philadelphia Pennsylvania in January 17, 1736

Benjamin Franklin

This fire became the worst urban fire in our history over 20,000 buildings destroyed over 100,000 people homeless

Chicago October 8, 1871

What fire is fire prevention week created in memory of?

The Chicago fire on October 8, 1871. The myth is that Mrs. O'Leary's cow started the fire. Chicago fire Academy is built on the site of O'Leary's barn

Iroquois theater fire Chicago Illinois

1903


604 people dead


led to improvements in safety in public assembly occupancies

Baltimore fire of 1904

This fire made the fire service realize the need to have standardized hose couplings after apparatus from other cities arrived to help and found that the hose couplings were not compatible.


Led to the national building code by the NBFU

A stab list in 1918 as a labor union for firefighters

International Association of firefighters IAF

The IAAF was established in blank as a labor union for firefighters

1918

This explosion led to the requirement of using our captain as an odorant

New London Texas junior senior high school


March 1937


natural gas explosion


kills 293 students and teachers

List the three necessary characteristics and behaviors for a firefighter

Integrity – doing the right thing work ethic - doing what needs to be done


pride - in self and work

List the three tactical priorities of the fire department

Life safety


incident stabilization


property conservation

Definition; the principle that a person can report to only one supervisor

Unity of command

Definition the number of individuals or groups that one person can effectively supervise or manage 3 to 7

Span of control

List the five types of fire department companies

Engine


Truck ladder


Hazmat


Rescue


USAR

NFPA standard 1001

Standard on firefighter qualifications-

Definition; may supervise a fire company in the station and it fires and other emergency scene; may also supervise a group of fire companies in a specified geographical region of the city

Fire department officers

Under normal conditions who can give orders on a fire ground?

Any fire department officers

Verbatim general operating guidelines GOG's

A set of organizational procedures that establish a standard course of action.

Who are the three individuals that make up the command staff and report directly to the IC?

Safety officer


liaison officer


public information officer

Definition; the person ultimately responsible for all incident activities responsible for all overall strategy and decides number of units needed on scene to mitigate the incident

Incident commander

Definition responsible for directing the tactical operations to meet the strategic goals and tactical objectives listed in the IAP; reports directly to the IC

Operations section chief

Definition; responsible for the collection, documentation, evaluation, and dissemination of incident situation information and intelligence to the ic

Planning section chief

Definition; responsible for all support requirements needed to facilitate effective and efficient incident management

Logistics section chief

Definition – established when the agencies involved require finance and other administrative support services

Finance administration section chief

Definition – when required this section is responsible for analyzing and sharing incident information and intelligence

Information/intelligence section chief

Definition – location from which all incident operations are directed

Command post

Definition – a geographic designation assigning responsibility for all operations within a defined area

Division

Definition – a functional designation (forcible entry, salvage, ventilation, etc.)

Group

Definition – the written or unwritten plan for managing the emergency

Incident action plan IAP

Explain the divisions of the building

Division a - address


division B - left side


division C rear


division D- right side

How many battalions does Greensboro have

5

What is the leading cause of LO DD?

33% medical

Standard relating to firefighter safety and health. Calls upon far departments to recognize safety and health as official objectives of the department

NFPA 1500

According to NFPA 1500 if noise levels on the apparatus exceeds blank hearing protection must be worn

90 dB

This came from the Williams Steiger occupational safety and health act in 1970

OSHA

What is the proper way to lift

To lift properly firefighter should keep their back as straight as possible and live with ther legs

Any electrical tool not marked as double insulated should have blank for firefighter safety this must connect to the ground while the tools in use

Should have a three prong plug

The signal is given when the primary search has been completed and all savable occupants are out of the hazard zone

"All clear"

Definition – this can aid in accounting for personnel within the hazard zone. Also called a tag system

Passport system

L


U


N


A


R

Location


unit


name


assignment


resources

Verbatim combustion

The self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a fuel being reduced by an oxidizing agent along with the evolution of heat and light.

What is an oxygen deficient atmosphere

Less then 19%

What percentages of the atmosphere are nitrogen and other gases?

78% nitrogen 1% other gases

Definition – the formation of a chemical bond between oxygen and another element the bond releases energy meaning it is exothermic

Oxidation

Definition – those materials that yield oxygen or other gases during the course of a chemical reaction

Oxidizing agents

List the three sides to the fire triangle

Oxygen fuel heat

List the four sides of the fire tetrahedron. The necessary ingredients for combustion

Oxygen


fuel


heat


self-sustaining chemical reaction

Definition – the chemical decomposition of a substance through the action of heat

Pyrolysis

Solid fuels undergo blank to burn. Liquid fuels undergo blank to burn

Pyrolysis


vaporization

Definition – the conversion of a liquid into the gaseous state through the action of heat

Vaporization

Definition – the ratio of the weight of a given volume of liquid compared with the weight of an equal volume of water

Specific gravity.



Specific gravity of water is one

If a product has a specific gravity less than one will the product sink or float

Float

Definition – the minimum temperature to which a liquid fuel and air must be heated in order to produce vapors sufficient to form and ignitable mixture with the air near the surface

Flashpoint

Ignitable mixture

Definition – the temperature at which a liquid will produce vapors sufficient to support continuous combustion once ignited.

Fire point

Continuous combustion

What is the vapor pressure of kerosene

5mm

What is the boiling point of gasoline

102f

Definition – the density of gases in relation to air

Vapor density



Air has a vapor density of one

Definition – the percentage of a substance in air that will burn once it is ignited

Flammable range

What is the flammable range of carbon monoxide

12.5 to 74%

Definition – the minimum temperature to which a fuel and air must be heated in order to self start sustained combustion without a separate ignition source

Ignition temperature

Definition – heat released by the mixture of matter in a liquid

Heat of solution

Heating resulting from the action of electrical force on nonconducting material

Dielectric heating

Heat released as an arc between oppositely charged surfaces

Static electrical heating

Heat generated by passing electrical force direct conductor such as a wire or appliance

Resistance heating

Heating resulting when I wire is not insulated well enough to maintain the current

Leakage current heating

He occurring when electrical current is interrupted

Heat from arcing

1 of 5 types of heat energy caused by external physical forces

Mechanical heat energy

List the three mechanisms of heat transfer

Conduction


convection


radiation

A mechanism of heat transfer where he may be conducted from one body to another by molecular energy transfer through an intervening heat conducting medium

Conduction

A mechanism of heat transfer where conduction heat transfer from my moving fluid to a solid surface

Convection

A type of mechanism of heat transfer where he is transferred by electromagnetic waves or infrared waves without an intervening medium

Radiation

List the five stages of fire development

Incipient stage


growth stage


flashover


fully developed


decay

The blank is the volume between an inlet and outlet that allows the movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure towards the lower pressure areas accessible via doors and window openings

Flowpath

An effective force on fluid due to density or temperature differences in a gravitational field

Buoyancy

At blank degrees consciousness is affected and can lead to hyperthermia

105.8f

There are over blank crashes annually in the US

5 million

There are over blank fatalities in North Carolina Annually

1200

What percentage of emergency vehicle incidents are intersection accidents?

24%

What type of drivers license must all GFD firefighters have

Class B license

Reckless disregard of the consequences of an act to another person

Gross negligence

Why have SOGs?

SOG's are a lasting record of preplanned and agreed-upon actions

In a convoy, proper vehicle spacing of approximately blank should be allowed at all times

300'

What is the highest priority of the ic in ensuring a safe work zone

The safety of the rescue worker will always be the highest priority

A rate of change of position in relation to time

Velocity

This is measured as the product of the objects mass or weight times it's velocity

Momentum

The force it takes for a moving object to stay in motion in the same direction

Inertia

One of two types of inertial force which tends to make a rotating body move away from the center of rotation

Centrifugal force

One of two types of inertial force where the force is proceeding or directing towards the center of the rotating body

Centripetal force

When referring to driver readiness what is the IPD E system

identify predict decide execute

What should I drive or know about following distance?

4sec rule at 40 mph or less


5sec rule about 40 mph

There are three zones with placement of emergency vehicles, what is the outer zone?

Outer zone equals 1000 feet reaction time is 5 to 10 seconds

There are three zones for placement of emergency vehicles, what is the medium zone

Medium zone is 100 feet reaction time is two seconds

There are three zones with placement of emergency vehicles, what is the inner zone?

The inner zone is 10 feet reaction time is less than one second

The weight of all building materials and equipment that are permanently attached to the building

Dead load

Any load not considered a dead load including equipment people whether water for fire suppression and materials not attached to the structure

Live load

A load that is applied to a small area

Concentrated load

Loads that an engineer has planned for oranges are paid it in the structural design

Design load

Load that was not preplanned for buy an engineer

Undesigned load

A load that is transmitted through the center of a beam and runs perpendicular to the beam such as a concrete pillar

Axial load

A type of force that tends to push materials together

Compression force

A type of force that tends to pull materials apart

Tension force

One of six types of beam this one is supported at the two points near its ends

Simple beam

A bearing wall common to two structures

Party wall

A rated assembly that extends from the foundation through the roof of a building to limit flame spread

Firewall

A single vertical thickness of masonry designed to improve the exterior appearance of the building

Veneer wall

One of seven types of roof characterized by single Ridgeline from which roof sections on both sides of the ridge descend at two different pitches common on barns

Gambrel roof

One of seven types of roofs characterized by a pitched roof in which the ends are all beveled so that there are no gable walls

Hip roof

Structural members elongate when heated blank every blank at 1000°F

1 inch every 10 feet at 1000°F

This gives the material the compressive strength of concrete along with the tensile strength of steel it can lose its strength due to spalling

Reinforced concrete

One of the more serious building construction hazards facing firefighters today

Lightweight truss construction

Wooden or metal plate used to connect structural materials that are butted together usually in trusses

Gusset plates

The ability of a material to avoid ignition, combustion, and the thermal effects of fire

Fire resistance

Which type of construction consists mainly of reinforced concrete with structural members including walls columns and beams floors and roofs that are protected either by blowing on insulation or concrete encased steel

Type one construction fire resistive

Degradation of concrete due to prolonged exposure to high heat

Spalling

Type of building construction – the structural components lack insulation. Has a fire resistance rating on all parts of the structure including the exterior and interior loadbearing walls and building materials

Type 2 construction noncombustible

an open space between the roof and the ceiling

Cock loft

A type of building construction exterior walls and structural members be made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials interior structural members are completely or partially constructed of wood

Type III construction ordinary

A type of building construction exterior walls and associated structural members be made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials interior structural members are made of solid or laminated wood with no concealed spaces would must have large dimensions used extensively in old factories or Mills

Type IV construction heavy timber

A type of building construction exterior walls bearing walls floors roofs and supports made completely or partially of wood used to construct typical single-family residence

Type five construction woodframe

Wood studs are ran from the foundation to the roof, and floors were hung on the studs with no vertical fire stop.

Balloon framing

The maximum heat that can be produced if all of the combustible materials in a given area burn at once

Fire load

The area extending horizontally from the base of the wall to 1.5x the height of the wall

Collapse zone

Directive 2.8- time system states that GFD has adopted the __________ system. It runs from___________

Military



00:00:00 to 23:59:59

Directive 1.5.31 - deputy chief duties

Reports to fire chief, supervises officers of logistics,maintenance,and safety



Represents the fire chief when necessary

One of 3 types of mechanical heat transfer. _______________ heat may be transferred from 1 body to another by molecular energy transfer

Conduction

1 of 3 mechanisms of heat transfer ________ is a type of conduction heat transfer from a moving fluid to a solid surface

Convection

1 of 3 types of mechanisms of heat transfer ________heat transferred by electromagnetic waves or infrared waves without an intervening medium

Radiation

@ what level of CO do air packs go on (lower level)

35 ppm (.0035%)

Highest (%) of accident incident rate of emergency vehicle by type

Intersections 24%

Proper vehicle spacing (following distance) is ________

300ft

During traffic conditions, the _________________ will always be highest priority

Safety of fire personnel

Defn: a rated assembly that extends from the foundation through the roof of a bldg to limit flame spread

Fire wall

What does the number reflect on a class A fire extinguisher

Each 1A = 1.25 gal water

What does the number reflect on a class A fire extinguisher

Each 1A = 1.25 gal water

What does the number reflect on a class B fire extinguisher

Each 1B = 1sqft coverable surface area

What is the drag handle on the SCBA pack rated for?

500lbs

What is the drag handle on the SCBA pack rated for?

500lbs

NFPA 1581 requires gear to be cleaned every__________

6 months

What is the IDLH of HCN?

50ppm


Colorless


Bitter almond odor


Chemical asphyxiate

Cylinder label is __________ wraps deepen the fiberglass wrapping

3-5

The Scott PASS Pre-alerts when_____________ and goes to Alarm mode when____________

No movement is sensed for 20s


No movement is sensed for 30s

Make the decision to stay or leave the IDLH when your air is at ________

50%

What's the 2in/2out rule called

The buddy system

The search for victims should be rapid, systematic, but thorough- what benchmarks do you give command as you search

"All clear on the primary"


"Secondary search complete"

The search for victims should be rapid, systematic, but thorough- what benchmarks do you give command as you search

"All clear on the primary"


"Secondary search complete"

List the order that determines where a search will begin

Most severely threatened- first


Largest numbers - second


Remainder of fire area- last

The search for victims should be rapid, systematic, but thorough- what benchmarks do you give command as you search

"All clear on the primary"


"Secondary search complete"

List the order that determines where a search will begin

Most severely threatened- first


Largest numbers - second


Remainder of fire area- last

A short fold placed in a hose to change the location of a coupling or change direction of the hose

Dutchman

The search for victims should be rapid, systematic, but thorough- what benchmarks do you give command as you search

"All clear on the primary"


"Secondary search complete"

List the order that determines where a search will begin

Most severely threatened- first


Largest numbers - second


Remainder of fire area- last

A short fold placed in a hose to change the location of a coupling or change direction of the hose

Dutchman

Resulting change in the direction of energy and its multiplication when the flow of water is suddenly stopped

Water hammer

Hydrant forward lay procedure

1. App stops at hydrant


2. FF catches plug


3. Driver proceeds to fire


4. Driver calls for water

Hydrant forward lay procedure

1. App stops at hydrant


2. FF catches plug


3. Driver proceeds to fire


4. Driver calls for water

Hydrant reverse lay procedure

1. App stops at fire


2. FF pulls a line


3. Driver catches plug


4. Hooks hose and sends water

Used hose test

300' for 3' at 300psi

Used hose test

300' for 3' at 300psi

The amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 lb water by one degree F

BTU

Used hose test

300' for 3' at 300psi

The amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 lb water by one degree F

BTU

Btu formula

Units?

((212-temp)+970)*lbs

Units are btu's

Used hose test

300' for 3' at 300psi

The amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 lb water by one degree F

BTU

Btu formula


Units?

((212-temp)+970)*b



Units are btu's

What is considered a small fire stream?

Discharging 39gpm or less

Used hose test

300' for 3' at 300psi

The amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 lb water by one degree F

BTU

Btu formula


Units?

((212-temp)+970)*b



Units are btu's

What is considered a small fire stream?

Discharging 39gpm or less

What is considered a hand stream in terms of gpms?

Discharging 40-349gpm

Used hose test

300' for 3' at 300psi

The amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 lb water by one degree F

BTU

Btu formula


Units?

((212-temp)+970)*b



Units are btu's

What is considered a small fire stream?

Discharging 39gpm or less

What is considered a hand stream in terms of gpms?

Discharging 40-349gpm

What is considered a master stream in terms of gpm?

Discharging 350 + gpms

Hydrocarbon fuels require foam application rates of _______ where polar solvent fuels require foam application rates of _______

3%


6%

Hydrocarbon fuels require foam application rates of _______ where polar solvent fuels require foam application rates of _______

3%


6%

Class A foam has a water % of ________

99-99.9 % water

Hydrocarbon fuels require foam application rates of _______ where polar solvent fuels require foam application rates of _______

3%


6%

Class A foam has a water % of ________

99-99.9 % water

NFPA 1901 states that a typical structure fire response consists of________

3 engines, 2 ladders, 1 car

List the # &styles ladders on a truck company

2 - 16' roof


1- 14' combo


1- 10' attic


1- 24' extension


1- 35' extension

List the # &styles ladders on a truck company

2 - 16' roof


1- 14' combo


1- 10' attic


1- 24' extension


1- 35' extension

What's the tallest ladder on an engine?

24'

List the # &styles ladders on a truck company

2 - 16' roof


1- 14' combo


1- 10' attic


1- 24' extension


1- 35' extension

What's the tallest ladder on an engine?

24'

Metal ladders are subject to fail at ________Degrees

600

Ensure ladders are never thrown within _________ of electrical wires

10'

Ensure ladders are never thrown within _________ of electrical wires

10'

List the 2 normal ladder climbing angles

60 degree - rescue window access (most common)


75 degree- roof access, or beside window

residential versus commercial irons

flat head axe &hali. vs sledge &hali.

Primary rule for forcible entry

try before you pry

what size salvage cover (tarp) does GFD use?

12x 18

A network of water lines that make up a distribution system allows hydrants to be supplied from 2 directions.

Grid

Dry barrel hydrants must be completely open or closed to ________________

prevent ground erosion

Red bonnet means

low flow (less than 500gpm)

that part of total pressure not used to overcome friction or gravity while flowing water thru pipes.

residual pressure

OSY = stem is showing signifies

valve is open

on a water shuttle operation, how many tankers are needed for 300gpm

3

atmospheric pressure of Greensboro

14.2

a report titled __________ documented that the US had a fire problem

America Burning

in response to America Burning Congree passed the National Fire Prevention and control act of 1974. this act directed the formation of the _____________

US Fire Administration

FIRST alarm to a residential fire

1BC car


3 engines


2 ladder

First alarm to target hazard

2 cars


3 engines


2 ladders


1 rescue

1050 PI response?

1 engine


1 ladder


1 rescue


1 BC

signal 3

invalid person resides

signal 7

knox box location

LPG is __________ heavier than air

1.5x

establish a danger zone of ________ for downed power lines

1 span


the central most important part of rope

Kern

anything that cloaks or covers

Rope

Mantle

_____% of strength comes from the kern and ______% from mantle

75/ 25



life safety rope must have a minimum breaking strength of ___________and a max safe working load of 600lbs

9000 lbs

explain class 1 rescue harness

waist &thighs


300lbs

explain class 2 rescue harness

waist & thighs


600lbs

explain class 3 rescue harness

waist, thighs &shoulders


600lbs

any structure in which there is a greater than normal potential for loss of life from a fire

target hazard

if a ceiling mount is not possible for a fire alarm the alarm should be positioned as high as possible, ___________ from the ceiling

12-4inches

it is required that FF's gain a warrant to re-enter a scene based on the case of _______________

Michigan vs Tyler 1978

the V-Pattern of vertex point usually points to _________

the area of origin

a 2'x2' FEMA square drawn on the side of a searched bldg or collapse usually indicates

safe to enter/ structurally sound

park the apparatus ___________ of the collapse of a trench site

not within 50'

arial ladders are required to maintain a distance of ________from 600volt+ wires

10'

list 6 hazard classes

explosives


gases


flammable liquids


flammable solids


oxiders


poisons


radioactive


corrosives


miscellaneous

_________regulates movement of has materials via rail, air, water, road, and pipeline

DOT

this hazmat book is on every truck in the city

emergency response guidebook

the 7 possible hazards at a chemical release

TRACEMP


thermal


radiological


asphyxiation


chemical


etiological


mechanical


psychological

explain the golden hour and platinum 10

one hour period following severe injuries to receive surgical intervention for improved outcome




the portion of the golden hour first responders can affect. spend no more than 10 minutes

what 2 things does a first due company bring in

extinguisher


charged hose line

whats the 5-10-20 rule of airbags

may be energized


5" side airbag


10" drivers


20" passenger

List 4 types of initiating devices


fire alarms

single action


double action


break glass


temper alarm

this automatic initiating device projects light from a light source to a sensor via a light emitting diode. smoke particles affect transmission

photoelectric light scattering smoke detector

an os&y has a stem that moves in and out as the valve is _______

closed

which sprinkler system is used in freezing climates

dry-pipe system

what is the most common/least expensive type of sprinkler system

wet-pipe system

standpipe for use by occupants of a bldg. 11/2' outlet and valve. must flow 100gpmwith 65psi residual for 30min

class II standpipe

standpipe for use by occupants and FD. 21/2 reduced to 1 1/2". must flow 500gpm with 100psi residual for 30min

classIII standpipe

List & explain the 3 standpipe configurations

Class I - FD only


class II - Occupants only


Class III - Both

What's the Pump testing numbers?

20min - 100% @150 npp


5 mins - 100% @165 npp


10 mins - 70% @200 npp


*10 mins - 50% @250 npp

whats the priming test numbers

30s for 1250gpm's or less


45s for 1500gpm's or larger