Ppp Definitions

Front 1

Columbian Exposition of 1893

Back 1

revived interest in city planning and showed that desirable results could be achieved through organized efforts. It also prompted many cities to plan civic centers and parkways.

Front 2

Ordinance of 1785

Back 2

started the rectangular survey system, which reinforced grid planning begun with the plan for Philadelphia.

Front 3

Garnier's plan

Back 3

was one of the responses to the Industrial Revolution promepted a reform movement which influenced urban design in Europe and the United States.

Front 4

L'Enfant's plan

Back 4

although widely praised and publicized as a major planning effort, its Baroque planning approach was never widely adopted.

Front 5

The well-decomposed, more or less stable part of the organic matter found in mineral soils is ____________ .

Back 5

humus

Front 6

A graphic representation of the relationships of spaces is called a _______ ______.

Back 6

bubble diagram

Front 7

Define Legibility according to Kevin Lynch's "Image of the City"

Back 7

Legibility is a term used to describe the ease with which people can understand the layout of a place. By making questionnaire surveys, Lynch defined a method of analyzing legibility based on five elements: paths, edges, districts, nodes and landmarks.

Front 8

Define Paths according to Kevin Lynch's "Image of the City"

Back 8

Paths: familiar routes followed- (1st Kordon) "are the channels along which the observer customarily, occasionally, or potentially moves. They may be streets, walkways, transit lines, canals, railroads .."These are the major and minor routes of circulation that people use to move out. A city has a network of major routes and a neighborhood network of minor routes.

Front 9

Define Districts according to Kevin Lynch's "Image of the City"

Back 9

Districts- areas with perceived internal homogeneity(Kemeralti District) "are medium-to-large sections of the city, conceived of as having two-dimensional extent, which the observer mentally enters ‘inside of,’ and which are recognizable as having some common identifying character" A city is composed of component neighborhoods or districts; (its center, midtown, its in-town residential areas, organized industrial areas, trainyards, suburbs, college campuses etc.) Sometime they are districts in form and extent- like Kemeralti District.

Front 10

Define Edges according to Kevin Lynch's "Image of the City"

Back 10

Edges- dividing lines between districts- (Izmir Bay) "are the linear elements not used or considered as paths by the observer. They are boundaries between two phases, linear breaks in continuity: shores, railroad cuts, edges of development, walls ... " The termination of a district is its edge. Some districts have no edges at all but gradually taper off (gittikçe incelen) and blend into (karismak) another district. When two districts are joined at one edge they form a seam. (dikis yeri)

Front 11

Define Nodes according to Kevin Lynch's "Image of the City"

Back 11

Nodes- centres of attraction that you can enter<- (Konak Square) "are points, the strategic spots in a city into which an observer can enter, and which are intensive foci to and from which he is traveling. They may be primary junctions, places of a break in transportation, a crossing or convergence of paths, moments of shift from one structure to another. Or the nodes may be simply concentrations, which gain their importance from being the condensation of some use or physical character, as a street-corner hangout or an enclosed square ... " A node is a center of activity. Actually it is a type of landmark but is distinguished from a landmark by virtue of its active function. Where a landmark is a distinct visual object, a node is a distinct hub (göbek) of activity.

Front 12

Define Landmarks according to Kevin Lynch's "Image of the City"

Back 12

Landmarks- point of reference- (Clock Tower, Hilton) "are another type of point-reference, but in this case the observer does not enter within them, they are external. They are usually a rather simply defined physical object: building, sign, store, or mountain". The prominent visual features of the city are its landmarks. Some landmarks are very large and seen at great distances, like Hilton Hotel in Alsancak. Some landmarks are very small (e.g. a tree within an urban square) and can only be seen close up, like a street clock at Konak Plaza, or Atatürk Statue on Cumhuriyet Square. Landmarks are an important element of urban form because they help people to orient themselves in the city and help identify an area.

Front 13

An assessment made according to the value of a property is called _________.

Back 13

property tax

Front 14

The designation of a parcel of land for a use classification different from that of the surrounding area to favor a particular owner is called ______.

Back 14

Spot zoning

Front 15

A______ is a legal clause that places limitations or restrictions on the use of the property

Back 15

Deed Restriction