Ppe 3004 Chapter 4

Front 1

Why did Freud and Jung cease their friendship?

Back 1

-Jung believed that sexual urges were not the only determinant of an individual’s development

-A person’s goals and motivations were equally important

-Emphasized spirituality over sexuality

Front 2

Jung believed in archtypes...

Back 2

That our minds expand beyond ourselves and are connected to other minds present and past

Front 3

What was Carl Jung's interpretation of the libido (differed from Freud)

Back 3

Libidnal energy is not confined to biological energy it can be any problem that arises.

Front 4

Carl Jung proposed the Three principles of the psyche. What were they?

Back 4

Principle of opposites

Principle of equivalence

Principle of Entropy

Front 5

Principle of opposites

Back 5

for every thought there is an equal and opposite way of seeing it or thinking about it.

Front 6

Principle of Equivalence

Back 6

the amount of energy is fixed if one removes it from one place it will show up elsewhere.

Front 7

Principle of Entropy

Back 7

Tendency toward equalizing energy within a system.

Front 8

The psyche Jung believed was made up of three components (freud's id, ego and super-ego). What are they?

Back 8

Ego
personal unconscious
collective unconscious

Front 9

The ego is...

Jung believed it formed around what age...

Back 9

One’s conscious feelings and thoughts about oneself

4 y.o

Front 10

The personal unconscious includes freud's...

What is included in the personal unconscious...

Back 10

pre-conscious and unconscious.

Thoughts and feelings not currently part of conscious awareness

Front 11

The collective unconscious is...

Back 11

a deeper level of the unconscious made up of ARCHETYPES.

Front 12

Archetypes are

Back 12

emotional symbols that are common to people from the beggining of time.

Somehow connected to your ancestors who somehow influence your behavior.

Front 13

The persona archetype is...

Back 13

The socially acceptable “mask” that we present to others

Front 14

The shadow

Back 14

Darkest, deepest part of our psyche unacceptable part of our personality.

Front 15

The anima:

Back 15

The female element of every man

Front 16

The anima serves 2 functions what are they:

Back 16

-Causes men to have feminine traits (intuition, tenderness, sentimentality)

-Provides a framework for a way of relating to women

Front 17

The Animus

Back 17

is the male element of every woman

Front 18

TYhe animus serves two purposes. what are they?

Back 18

-Causes women to have masculine traits (independence, aggression, competitiveness)

-Provides a framework for a way of relating to women

Front 19

The self is....

It is the componenet of the psyche that attempts to...

Similar to Freud's...

Back 19

the total personality

Component of the psyche that attempts to harmonize all others

Ego (middle ground)

Front 20

Self realization is when...

When does this occur...

symbolized by the...

Back 20

the self becomes the new center of personality

Never fully; it is approximated.

mandala

Front 21

Jung believed in two ways of using the libidic energy. what were they

Back 21

introversion and extraversion

Front 22

What is the difference between the two.

Back 22

Introversion: An “inward-turning” of the libido
Withdrawal of interest away from outer objects in favor of one’s inner experience

Extraversion: An “outward-turning” of the libido
Movement away from one’s inner experience towards one’s outer experience

Front 23

How many personality types did Jung outline?

These are made up of a combination of ____ attitudes and _____ functions.

Back 23

2 ; 4

Front 24

What are the four rational functions:

Back 24

Sensing
Feeling
Judging
Intuiting

Front 25

Alfred Adler was a socialist he strongly believed in...

Back 25

the comman man and that the social context in which one lives can significantly influence personality

Front 26

Adler's organ inferiority and compensation

Back 26

People are vulnerable to disease in organs that are less developed or “inferior” to other organs.

Stress from the environment may inhibit normal functioning in your weak organ.

Front 27

Adler believedd Organ inferiority can be compensated in one of two ways. What are they?

Back 27

-Concentrating on the development of the weak organ

-Emphasizing other functions

Front 28

inferiority

so what do we do about it?

Back 28

All humans start life with feelings of inferiority

Compensations or overcompensation directed toward either real or imagined inferiorities

Front 29

What is most important about the inferiority a person has...

Back 29

the person’s perception of an inferiority.

Front 30

Adler's views on feeling inferior.

Back 30

Inferiority is NOT a sign a weakness or abnormality

Primary motivating force behind all personal accomplishments

Front 31

inferiority compex is when...

Back 31

When a person becomes so overwhelmed by feelings of inferiority that they are prevented from accomplishing anything

Front 32

Adler's views on superiority.

-where is the drive to be superior inherited
-what is this superiority NOT (always confused as)

Back 32

All humans strive for superiority or perfection

Master motive and innate to all humans.

Not to be domineering over another person it is achieving wholeness for oneself and society.

Front 33

Superiority complex

Back 33

When a person concentrates solely on his or her own superiority while ignoring the needs of others and society

Front 34

What is alfred adler's biggest achievement?

Back 34

the idea of the CREATIVE SELF

Front 35

The creative self is the idea that we are not just products of ___________ and __________. It is how we use our "equipment".

Back 35

genetics and our environment

Front 36

the "as if" idea

Back 36

Innate tendency to assign meaning (fictions) to the sensations we experience

Front 37

Adler incorporated the fictions in the world to include our preceptions of the "worldview" which is

Back 37

Worldviews develop based on the individual’s perception of the world

One’s interpretation of early childhood experiences form the basis of one’s worldview

Front 38

Social interest is the idea that we all...

Back 38

Need for all humans to live in harmony and friendship with others and to aspire toward the development of the perfect society

Front 39

what is the measure used to determine someone's social interest? What is the result of a low score?

Back 39

Indices of normalcy

neurosis

Front 40

Tasks to address in life:

Back 40

1. Societal tasks- creating friendships and social networks
2. Occupational tasks- help to advance society through constructive work
3. Love & Marriage tasks- finding a suitable life partner

Front 41

mistaken lifestyles

-could be the result of (3 things)

Back 41

Any lifestyle that is not aimed at socially useful goals

1. physical inferiority
2. pampering/spoiling
3. neglecting

Front 42

Adler's personality types

Back 42

-Ruling-dominant-attempts to dominate or rule people

-Getting-leaning-expects everything from others and gets everything they can from them

-Avoiding-”succeeds” by avoiding problems; never attempts anything and therefore avoids failure

-Socially useful- confronts problems and attempts to solve them in a socially useful way

Front 43

Adler's views on the family.

-what three important familial characteristics build a personality?

Back 43

1.) mother-child relationship (can hurt or help)

2.) Father (can only help)

3.) Birth order

Front 44

Which birth order did Adler believe was most fortunate?

Back 44

Second borns.

Front 45

Horney vs Freud

Back 45

Horney did not believe all drives were sexual, she believed culture played a much larger role.

She also took offense to his view of women.

Lastly she agreed with his observation but not his interpretations.

Front 46

Horney vs Freud

Back 46

Horney did not believe all drives were sexual, she believed culture played a much larger role.

She also took offense to his view of women.

Lastly she agreed with his observation but not his interpretations.

Front 47

Horney vs Freud

Back 47

Horney did not believe all drives were sexual, she believed culture played a much larger role.

She also took offense to his view of women.

Lastly she agreed with his observation but not his interpretations.

Front 48

horney vs. freud

Back 48

Horney did not believe all drives were sexual, she believed culture played a much larger role.

She also took offense to his view of women.

Lastly she agreed with his observation but not his interpretations.

Front 49

what was the one thing Adler, Horney, Freud and Jung agreed upon?

Back 49

the importance of a child's upbringing

Front 50

Horney more so than previous psychologists emphasized wthe role of _________ in development.

Back 50

Culture

Front 51

Basic hostility

-why does this arise in children?
-why does this occur?

Back 51

Develops if parent’s do not satisfy the child’s needs for safety and satisfaction

ususally as a result of the parent's own neurotic needs.

Front 52

Basic Anxiety

-what causes this?

Back 52

When children cannot express the hostility they feel toward their parents and repress it. This causes insecurity and apprehension.

Front 53

What four characteristics of personality did Horney attribute as defense mechanisms against basic anxiety

- Hint: (WASP)

Back 53

Withdrawal
Affection
Submissiveness
Power

Front 54

The neurotic needs of an individual, Horney believed could be categorized into three categories. What are they?

Back 54

-Moving toward people

-Moving away frm people

-Moving against people

Front 55

According to Horney "normal people" would have what kind of neurotic needs?

Back 55

a balance of the three general classes of neurotic needs.

Front 56

Moving toward people

-described as...
-characterized as...
- rate themselves according to...

Back 56

Compliant

Desperately seeking the attention and approval of others.

rate themselves according to what others think.

Front 57

Moving against people

-described as...
-characterized by...

Back 57

Aggressive

-motivated by strong needs to exploit others in an effort to feel superior.
-Seldomly admit mistakes.
-play to win

Front 58

Moving away from people

-described as...
-characterized by...
-biggest fear

Back 58

detached

Compulsively driven to attain autonomy. build a world of their own.

to need another person

Front 59

What 2 personalities does Horney suppose we are always involved in intrapsychic battle with...

Back 59

The ideal self and the real self

Front 60

The ideal self

Back 60

attempts to solve problems by painting a perfect picture of oneself.

Front 61

the real self

Back 61

tend to despise one's real self.

Front 62

Early negative experiences impede our tendency to...

-neurotics will actually...

Back 62

move toward self-realization natural tendency.

create an idealized self and begin to believe it is their real self.

Front 63

Horney and Feminine psychology

-Penis envy?

Back 63

Womb envy- envy of pregnancy, childbirth, and motherhood

Front 64

According to Horney how do men

-overcompensate womb envy
- manifest womb envy

Back 64

by seeking achievement in their work life.

by reinforcing women's inferior status in the world.

Front 65

Horney's Flight from womanhood:

Back 65

Women may choose to deny their femininity as a result of feelings of inferiority as an unconscious wish to be a man.

Front 66

Horney and Oedipus complex

Back 66

she believed it existed (as she often agreed with Freud's OBSERVATION). She did NOT think it was sexually related though or univerasl.

Front 67

Horney: motherhood vs. career.

Back 67

She understood the conflict and suggested that women should seek their own identity by developing their abilities and pursuing careers.

Front 68

According to Horney, what was the goal of psychotherapy?

Back 68

to self actualize. that is, to give up their idealized self and accept their real self.

Front 69

Klein heavily stressed the importance of the first ____ to _____ months of life.

Back 69

4 to 6 months

Front 70

Klein was the first to....

Back 70

psychoanalyze children

Front 71

Klen and "objects"

-agreed with Freud that a person undergoes...
- example of an object.

Back 71

innate drives (including death) and that it was attached to some object.

A mother's breast or hand

Front 72

Klein's two positions

-why are they positions and not stages.
-what are they?

Back 72

because you can move back and forth between them.

Paranoid-schizoid position
Depressive position

Front 73

Paranoid-schizoid position

-aka:
- why does this occur?

Back 73

splitting the ego

Instances with the good and bad breast leave baby vulnerable. Baby then must split his ego and introject (take in) the good breast and fears the bad breast.

Front 74

Depressive position

-when does this occur?
- what happens?
-what is it a result of

Back 74

occurs when baby is a little older (5 months)

Baby's ego understands that a person can be both good and bad. Fears loosing the mother for fearing her before.

Maturation of the ego

Front 75

Fantasize taking into their body perceptions and experiences they have had with the external object
Introjects good objects as a protection against anxiety

Back 75

Introjection


Introjects bad objects in order to gain control over them

Front 76

Fantasy that one’s feelings and impulses actually reside in another person and not within one’s body

Back 76

Projection

Front 77

Keeping apart incompatible impulses in order to manage good and bad aspects of themselves and of external objects

Back 77

splitting

Front 78

Infants split off unacceptable parts of themselves project them onto another object and finally introject them back into themselves in a changed or distorted form (???)

Back 78

Projective identification

Front 79

How did klein differ from freud on the creation of the superego?

Back 79

1. Much sooner
2. Did not develop out of the Oedipus complex
3. Much more harsh

*By 5-6 years of age superego arouses little anxiety but great guilt

Front 80

Klein is credited with

Back 80

Starting play therapy

Front 81

Why play therapy?

Back 81

She believed children divulge unconscious and conscious wishes through their play.

Front 82

erik erikson

-trained by
- realized what about Freud sexual stages

Back 82

Ana Freud

they were not universal

Front 83

what three factors did Erickson believe contributed to personality?

Back 83

Biological
Psychological
Cultural

Front 84

What is the theory that helped spur erikson's theory?

Back 84

the theory of epigenetic principle

Idea that anything that develops has some sort of “ground plan,” with each having its own specified time to develop

Front 85

Erickson's Crisis and Virtues

Back 85

Each stage in his theory of psychosocial development has a potential crisis, or developmental problem which either strengthens or weakens the ego and is necessary for individual growth.

Front 86

Ritualization

Back 86

interactions between people of a particular culture.
what connect the individual to society, or the way things are customarily done

Front 87

Ritualisms:

Back 87

may develop if the pattern of ritualized behavior becomes too severely stereotyped

Front 88

Much like Adler, how did erickson view a person's identity?

Back 88

Erikson did not use the term identity as something that could ever be achieved, or established in a final form.

**saw an individual’s identity as changing and evolving over one’s lifetime

Front 89

WHAT ARE ERICKSON's 8 stages of development

Back 89

Trust vs. Mistrust
autonomy vs. shame
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
identity vs role confusion
intimacy vs. isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. despair

Front 90

Erickson's personal vs social identity

Back 90

Social identity: For some people, the most important part of self may be who they are in relation to others
“I am a good daughter”

Personal identity: For others, the self is best described with introspection
“I am thoughtful”

Front 91

Margaret Mahler's three step theory of personality development

Back 91

-Normal autism– the first 3-4 weeks of life, unaware of any other person (objectless stage)

-Normal symbiosis- 5 weeks- 5 months, see mother and self as a “dual unity” (preobjects)

-Separation-individuation- 5 months to 3 years, time of psychological separation, begin to develop feelings of personal identity.

Front 92

Margaret mahler "theory of symbiosis"

Back 92

-Symbiotic psychotic – form emotional ties that are so strong that the child is unable to form a sense of self, no autonomy

-Normal Symbiotic – develop empathy and a sense of being a separate and loving person

Front 93

Kohut's two narcistic needs:

Back 93

-Need to exhibit the grandiose self (self-inflated ego)

-Need to acquire an idealized image of one or both parents

Front 94

What did Kohut believe was necessary for the two narcistic needs?

Back 94

he believed they both needed to occur to develop a healthy personality. He also believed that they needed to change as one got older to better reflect the real self (rather than the grandiose self).