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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interpersonal theory of psychiatry
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focuses on the recurring social situations faced by an individual
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who we are and how we think of ourselves arises from interactions with those around us
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Social self
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the idea that a person has a single, fixed personality is just an illusion
We may have as many personalities as we have interpersonal situations |
illusion of individuality
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WHO believed "we become different people based on different situations"
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Harry stack Sullivan
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What is chumship
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-has to do with social self
-The idea that we use others as a social mirror to see what/who we are. -Seeking peer acceptance -distancing oneself from parents (adolescence) |
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Sullivan believed these were the TWO motivations...
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Pursuit of satisfaction
Pursuit of security |
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How did Sullivan believe one developed anxiety?
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Individuals "CATCH" anxiety from the caregivers.
-children are very sensative to their caretakers' feelings and attitudes. |
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What are sullivans 2 proposed infant states?
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Anxious and Non-anxious persona
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What are characteristics of the non-anxious persona?
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-euphoria when experiencing acceptance of others.
-experienced as "the good mother" |
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What are characteristics of an anxious persona?
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-experience dysphoria when they sense disapproval from others.
-experienced as the "bad mother" |
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What are the consequences of being an anxious persona?
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-results in mounting anxiousness and a heightened need for security.
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Sullivan believed that therapy is and that therapist must...
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1.) appreciate their clients ability to change
2.) UNCOVER THE FORCES CAUSING RECURRENT MISTAKES IN CLIENTS 3.) help the client make experiments for more successfully behaving |
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henry murray perferred this term to "personality"
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PERSONOLOGY
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How did Murray view personality?
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The study of human lives across time.
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What two components did Murray believe sum to make a person's personality?
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Unconscious motives and environemental conditions
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What is "environmental press"?
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The PUSH of a situation (a situation is what forces someone to act the way they do)
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Physical conditions that create the desire to obtain or avoid something.
Internal directional force that influences behavior -Necessitates taking action |
Needs
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external events (press) create the desire to obtain or avoid something.
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Press
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REALIZE: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEEN NEEDS AND PRESS?
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One is an internal drive (needs) while one is an external drive (press).
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COGNITIONS THAT ACT AS A motivational state, you will indirectly experience that need or press, and move toward the goal
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Motives (thirst)
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What did Murray believe drove behavior?
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NEEDS (named a total of 27 needs)
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How did Murray suggest that needs work together?
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Several needs can be met by a single behavior.
He also believed that needs can conflict |
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typical combinations of needs and presses were termed
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THEMA
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How are THEMA measured?
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Measured with TAT. meant to measure projected fantasies onto an objective stimulus.
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what modern personality approach was believed to be influenced by murray?
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Narrative approach- where a person's biography or life story becomes their identity.
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What is Mischel's Critique of personality?
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He believes that regardless of trait, a person's behavior cannot be predicted.
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IN FACT, WHAT IS THE CORRELATION (AND EFFECT SIZE) OF TRAIT PREDICTING BEHAVIOR?
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.3
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type of self control that occurs when an individual chooses to forgo an immediate reinforcer to wait for a later, better one
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Delay of gratification
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What influences our delay of gratification?
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Modeling- seeing another person delay gratification
Visibility- if the goal is not "able to be seen" it is forgotten ("out of sight, out of mind") |
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What is implicit personalality theory?
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Just like Fundamental Attribution error.
The idea that we attribute the behavior of others to their internal personality characteristics. while for ourselves we seek justification for our actions externally. |
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The power of situations
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- one reason traits dont predict our behavior.
-certain situations provide an opportunity for certain traits to be expressed. |
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What is aggregation?
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averaging of cross-situational behaviors to deal with reliability and appropriatness problems in evaluating SITUATIONS.
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What method of study did Micschel believe was necessary for psychological research?
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To really study people as they react, grow, and change in the real world, longitudinal study is necessary
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What is the life course approach?
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the study of personality over the course of a persons life since so much changes as a function of age, culture, social groups, life events, internal drives, motives, abilities and traits.
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the extent to which individuals are likely to respond appropriately in a given situation, as a function of their prior experiences with that situation
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Readiness
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IMPORTANT TO NOTE ABOUT READINESS
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We are more affected by certain environments at certain times in our lives
SAME EVENT COULD HAVE DIFFERENT IMPACT BASED ON OUR READINESS! |
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THE CIRCUMPLEX MODEL
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Two traits are evaluated (affiliation and assertiveness) and ones place on those two scales will dictate where a person stands in social interactions
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Ego development
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Undeveloped ego
Impulsive, self-protective, conformist Highly developed ego Individualistic (open-minded), autonomous (self-fulfilled, respectful of others), “integrated” |
