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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality definition
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The consistent and distinctive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors an individual engages in.
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what two parts of the definition are most important?
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CONSISTANT AND DISTINCTIVE
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Book's defenition of psychology
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The scientific study of the psychological forces that make an individual unique
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What are the 8 aspects of personality
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Unconscious
Ego forces Cognitive Biological Conditioning Traits Spiritual Person-situation interaction |
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What are the 4 tools of the scientific method we use to study personality?
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Correlational studies
Case studies Cross-cultural Biological structures |
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Correlational research
-definition - causation - Disadvantages |
Correlational studies help test associations.
They DO NOT prove causation This is their main disadvantage they sometimes create webs of connections that may have lurking variables. |
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Case studies
-Definition -Advantages -Disadvantages |
A somewhat naturalistic observation of the subject and recording of their behaviors.
Heavy focus on the individual Not generalizable. |
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Biological structures method
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This is the study of biological strucures in the brain and how they may account for personality.
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Deductive reasoning
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when conclusions follow logically from a generalization or a theory.
ex: making sense of someone's behavior b/c this is what anyone in this situation would act. |
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inductive approach
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is so called because concepts and generalizations are made from an observation
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Inductive reason is
whereas deductive reasoning is: |
Bottom-up (specific to general) ; top-down (general to specific)
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What four theories are essential for a personality theory to be a good one:
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Parsimonious- easiest explanation is most often correct.
Comprehensive- makes sense of all personalities in various situations and various genders, orientations, races... Falsifiable- it is testable (where most early theories fail). Productive- must be able to tell us something... ussually must be able to predict something about a person. |
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What is the BARNUM effect?
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The tendency for individuals to believe broad generalizations.
(A subjective validation in whcih a person finds personal meaning in statements that could apply to anyone) f.e: Fortune cookies, horoscopes, psycics. |
