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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sus scrofa |
Porcine (Swine) |
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Sow |
-older female that has had a litter |
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Gilt |
-young female pig that has not has a litter |
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Boar |
-Male -usually refers to breeding -is the heat detector and breeder |
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Barrow |
-castrated male |
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Shoats |
-young pigs |
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Farrow |
-to give birth |
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Digestion of a porcine |
-similar to humans -small cecum -simple stomach like the horse |
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Swine breeds distinguished by |
-hair color -ear position -lot of cross breeding has been done with swine |
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different breeds names |
-Yorkshire-all white (most popular in US) -Duroc- redbrown hair, floppy ears (2nd most popular in us) -Hampshire-black and white ("belt"), erect ears -spotted swine- black white spots (floppy ears), 50/50 white to color -Poland china- black w/ white points (floppy ears) -Chester white- white hair and skin, floppy ears |
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Swine selected for traits |
-sow productivity -confirmation (good feet and legs, 12-14 teats) -Feed efficiency (# of feed / # of gain) -Carcass measurements (% of lean cuts measure back fat) |
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Gilts reach puberty |
-around 5-6 months -should be 7-9 months and weigh 200- 250 |
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Swine Estrous cycle |
-21 day estrous cycle -2-4 days in estrus -produce multiple eggs each cycle (have litters of piglets) -should farrow 2 x a year |
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Gestation of swine |
-114 days (3m,3wk,3d) -try to avoid farrowing in summer b/c pigs are sensitive to heat and cold |
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Care of piglets |
-need warm temp -85-90 F in first 2 wks -65-70 there after -first 3 days clip needle teeth (8 of them) -dock tail to prevent cannibalism -notch ear -castrate -iron injection (prevent anemia) |
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Pig gains ? / day |
-1.5 to 2 # / day |
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Restraint of swine |
-very timid, very vocal -food reward works really well -piglets are kept together in a pen -hog snare for large pigs |
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when to market swine |
-at 240-260 # about 7 months of age -if grown longer more fat is accumulated have to be trimmed
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Stag |
-male that has been castrated as a mature animal, after male characteristics have developed -very undesirable in food industry b/c testosterone changes taste of meat |
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carcass grades of swine |
-barrows/gilts and sows are graded = -meat is called pork -boars/stags not graded -yield- amt of lean meat (1-4) -gray pink is acceptable |
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Ovis aries |
-sheep |
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sheep and goats provide |
-fiber -meat -milk |
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Ovine |
-pertaining to sheep |
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ewe |
-female sheep |
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ram |
-male sheep |
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wether |
-castrated male |
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lamb |
-young |
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ewe lamb |
-young adult female not bred yet |
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ram lamb |
-young adult male |
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to lamb |
-give birth |
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-Sheep Anatomy |
-sheep are ruminants -can graze -have 2 teats -are ungulates and cloven footed |
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Ovine breeds (sheep) distinguished by |
-divided in to ewe, ram and dual purpose breeds -distinguished by wool and color and size -all ewe faces are white |
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Ovine Ewe breeds |
-Rambouillet-fine wool, multi births, long lived, wool blindness -merino- top quality fleece, white on legs too, wrinkled skin, little muscle -fin sheep- ok wool, no wool on face or legs, small, 4 lambs /year
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Ovine Ram breeds |
-Hampshire- black face w/ whit wool on head and body, large body -Suffolk- black face no wool on face or legs, very large, poor fleece |
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Dual purpose breeds |
-Cheviot- white face no wool on face or legs, small -Dorset- white face wool on head but not on face, lots of milk, good muscling, out of season breeder -Polypay- New, good carcass, wool, mothers |
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Sheep gestation |
-short day breeders (fall/winter) -150 days (5months) |
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Sheep estrous cycle |
-16 days -estrus 30 hrs ** |
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Ram effect |
-keep ram away from ewes then reintroduce his pheromones stimulates estrus and come in to heat w/in a few days |
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heat detection in sheep |
-don't mount eachother when in heat -marking harnesses is used (change crayon color every 2 weeks) -twinning is sought out |
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Ovine PE |
-BAR -resist handling -Temp-101.5 to 104 -check -lymph nodes -restrain by rumping
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Capra hircus |
-Goat -ruminant |
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caprine |
-goat |
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Doe |
-nanny -female |
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buck |
"billy" -male |
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Wether |
-castrated male |
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-Kid |
baby goat |
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types of goats |
-dairy goat -meat goat(leather) -fiber -pet |
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goat breeds |
-French alpine(most dairy breed) -toggenburg(good milker) -Saanen(solid color or any combination) -Nubian- large droopy ears -LaMancha- don't have a pinna -boer goat- meat goat -angora- mohair production -cashmere- fuzzy down under layer -pygmy- dwarf breed |
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Goat reproduction |
-short day breeders like sheep -1st heat 6-10 months -21 day estrous cycle -estrus 24 hrs -gestation 150 days (multiple births are common) |
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care of kids |
-id by tattoo in ear or tail -dehorn -castrate @ 2 weeks -wattles are cut off to prevent cannibalise -wormed regularly |
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Goat management |
-produce 1- 1.5 gallons / day -rarely allergic to goat milk |
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Caprine PE |
-trim feet when needed -look for hair loss -palpate lymph nodes -temp - 101 to 103 -Pulse- 70 to 135 -resp- 10-30 |
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Enterotoxemia |
-over eating dz -sudden death in lambs -Clostridium perfringens type D -is a vaccination |
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Pregancy toxemia |
-twin lamb dz -from Ketosis of sheep and goats -last 2-4 wks of pregnancy -more energy out than in -down and unresponsive -fetal death toxemia (rots in belly and kills mom) -prevent by feeding right or C section 2-4 wks b4 |
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Caseous Lymphadenitis |
-chronic infectious dz of sheep and goats -corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis -Large swollen lymph nodes (break and drain) -internal abscesses -treat remove lymphs or get rid of the sheeps -don't get over this it is chronic |
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Salt poisoning |
-CNS signs -swelling and edema in brain -blind to surroundings -convulsions, coma, death -swine are prone to this -prevent with fresh water |
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Gastric ulsers in swine |
-often undiagnosed problem -cause: stress, diet, management -anorexia, paleness w/ anemia -Melena (digested blood in stool) -peritonitis -treat by lowering stress, antibiotics, and prevention is best |
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Trichinosis |
-parasite of swine -Trichinella spiralis -not very pathogenic to pig but can cause dz in humans who eat them -forms in cysts in the muscle of pigs -no clinical signs in pigs -humans will have flu like symptoms -prevention: deworm pigs , properly cook pork |
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Contagious Ecthyma "ORF" |
-ciral dz sheep and goats -(sore mouth) -cause pox virus -need break in skin -get blisters breaks oozes then dryes up and falls off spreds rapidly. -once scab falls off that sheep is immune to this dz -Scab will infect the environment -don't want to eat when scabs are around the mouth -wont' let babies eat if on the teats |
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Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) |
-Brain and spinal cord dz -long incubation period -CNS signs -eventually fatal Called Scrapies in sheep and goats |
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Caprine Arthritis & Encephalitis in goats |
-cause by virus *Encephalitis: forms seen in kids, brain and spinal cord, paresis & ataxia in hind limbs, paralysis *Arthritis: adults sometimes kids, joints get large painful, no treatment, no vaccine -prevention: Cull animal -in mothers milk |
