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300 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 bacteria that cause Heart Block
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1. Lyme Disease
2. Salmonella Typhi (typhoid) 3. Chagas Disease (Whipples) 4. Legionella 5. Diptheria |
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What bacteria cause Reiter's Syndrome
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1. Shigella
2. IBD (Chrohns) 3. Chlamydia 4. Yersinia Enterolitica |
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What are the low complement bugs causing Cryoglobuniemia
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I AM HE
1. Influenza 2. Adenovirus 3. Mycoplasma 4. Hepatitis C 5. EBV |
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What are the drugs that induce SLE
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HIPPE
1. Hydralazine 2. INH 3. Phenytoin 4. Procainamide 5. Penicillamine 6. Ethosuximide |
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What are the drugs that blast the Bone Marrow
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1. AZT
2. Benzene 3. Chloramphenicol 4. Vinblastine |
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Wha are the comma shaped bugs
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1. Camphylobacter
2. H. Pylori 3. Listeria 4. Vibrio |
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What is the cresent shaped protozoa
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1. Giardia Lamblia
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What bacteria looks like chinese letters?
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1. Corynebacter
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What are the TB drugs
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RESPI
1. Rifampin 2. Ethambutanol 3. Streptomycin 4. Pyrazinamide 5. INH |
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What are the 6 low complement associated with Nephotric Syndrome
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1. Serum Sickness
2. SLE 3. SBE 4. Cryoglobinemia 5. PSGN 6. MPGN II |
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What drugs induce p450
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BAG 4 CpR QTS
1. Barbituates 2. Alcohol 3. Griseofulvin 4. Carbamazapine 5. Rifampin 6. Quinidine 7. Tetracycline 8. Sulfa drugs |
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What drugs inhibit P450
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I'D SMACK Quin
1. INH 2. Dapsone 3. Spirolactones 4. Macrolides 5. Amiodarone 6. Cimetidine 7. Ketoconazole 8. Quinilones |
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What drugs are P450 Dependent
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WEPTeD
1. Warfarin 2. Estrogen 3. Phenytoin 4.Theophylline 5. Digoxin |
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What disease is a Neutrophil Deficiency
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1. CGD (Chronic Granulomatous Disease) NADPH-OH deficiency
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What is another name for CGD
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Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Nadph Oxidase deficiency |
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What are the side effects of Statins
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1. Myositis
2. Hepatitis 3. Increased Liver Enzymes |
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What are the painful genital lesions
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1. Chanchroid (H. Ducreyii)
2. Herpes 3. Lymphogranuloma Inguinale 4. Lymphogranuloma Venerum |
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What are the 4 hormones with disulfide bonds
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PIGI
1. Prolactin 2. Inhibin 3. GH 4. Insulin |
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Name the Hookworms
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hooks AS NEAT
1. Ascaris 2. Strongyloides 3. Necatur Americanis 4. Enterobius Vermicularis 5. Anklylostoma Duodenale 6. Trichuris Trichurium |
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What are the X-linked Enzyme Deficiencies
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1. G6PD
2. CGD (NADPH-OH) 3. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase 4. Fabry's 5. Hunter's 6. Lesh-Nyhan |
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What are the Screens for Newborns
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Please Check Before Going Home
1. PKU 2. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia 3. Biotidinase 4. Galactosemia 5. Hypothyroidism |
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What are the actions of Steroids
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KIIISS
1. Kills T-cells and Eosinophils 2. Inhibit Macrophage migration 3. Inhibit Phosholipase A 4. Inhibit mast cell degranulation 5. Stabilize endothelium 6. Stimulates protein synthesis |
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What are the causes of Severe Monocytosis
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STELS
1. Salmonella 2. TB 3. EBV 4. Listeria 5. Syphillis |
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Name the Macrolides
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ACE
1. Azithromycin 2. Clrithromycin 3. Erythromycin |
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What is the 1-dose treatment for Chlamydia
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Azithromycin
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What are the "Big Mama" Anaerobes
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1. Strep Bovis
2. Bacteroides Fragilis 3. C. Melanogo-speticus 4. C. Difficile * If blood culture show S. bovis or C. melango-septicus we MUST rule out colon cancer |
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E-Coli is the most common cause of what?
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1. UTI
2. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 3. Abdominal abcess 4. Cholecystitis 5. Ascending Cholangitis 6. Appendicitis |
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What is the TX for the "Big Mama" anaerobes
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1. Metronidazole
2. Clindamycin 3. Cefoxitin |
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What is the 1-dose TX for Gonorrhea
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Come On, lets Go Tri to Fix a Fox
1. Ciprofloxacin 2. Ofloxacin 3. Gatifloxicin 4. Ceftriaxone 5. Cefixime 6. Cefoxitin |
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What disease have Psammoma bodies
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1. Papillary CA of the Thyroid
2. Serous Cystadenoma of ovary 3. Meningioma 4. Mesothelioma |
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Drugs that cause Cardiac Fibrosis
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1. Adriamycin
2. Phen-fen |
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What are 4 indications for surgery
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IHOP
1. Intractable Pain 2. Hemorrhage 3. Obstruction 4. Perforation |
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What are the Urease + bacteria
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P PUNCHES B
1. Proteus 2. Pseudomonas 3. Ureaplasma Urealyticum 4. Nocardia 5.Cryptococcus Neoformans 6. H. Pylori 7. S. Saprofiticus 8. Brucellosis |
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Name the HLA-DR- Antigens and their associated diseases
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1. HLA-DR2: Narcolepsy, Allergy, Goodpasture's, MS
2. HLA-DR3: DM, Chronic Active Hepatitis, Sjogren's, SLE, Celiac Spru 3. HLA-DR3 & 4: IDDM (type I) 4. HLA-DR4: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Pemphigus Vulgaris 5. HLA-DR5: JRA, Pernicious Anemia 6. HLA-DR7: Nephrotic Syndrome (steroid induced) 7. HLA-DR3 & B8: Celiac Disease |
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Name the HLA-A and HLA-B antigens and their associated diseases
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1. HLA-A3: Hemochromotosis (chromosome 6, point mutation-cystein>tyrosine)
2. HLA-B8: Myesthenia Gravis 3. HLA-B13: Psoriasis 4. HLA-B27: Psoriasis (only w/arthritis), Ankylosing Spondylitis, IBD, Reiter's, Postgonococcal Arthritis 5. HLA-BW47: 21-alpha Hydroxylase deficiency (Vit. D) |
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What do you see in the serum in a low volume state
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1. K - decreased
2. Na - decreased 3. Cl - decreased 4. pH - increased 5. BP - increased |
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What type of stones are formed from proteus
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Struvite Stones
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What type of motility do Proteus have
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Swarming
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What drug is used to tx cardiac fibrosis
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Dozaroxsin
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What drugs cause pulmonary fibrosis
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BBAT
1. Bleomycin 2. Busulfan 3. Amioderone 4. Tocainide 5. Methotrexate & Cormustine |
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What is the MCC of any ...penia
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#1 Virus
#2 Drugs |
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What are the signs and symptoms of Salmonella Typhi
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1. High fever
2. Rose spots 3. Intestinal fire 4. Monocytosis 5. Heart block |
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What drugs cause Myositis
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RIPS
1. Rifampin 2. INH 3. Prednisone 4. Statins |
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What are the 6 Gram (-) & 1 gram (+) encapsulated bacteria
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Some Strange Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules
1. Strep. Pneumonia (gram +) 2. Salmonella 3. Klebsiella 4. H. Influenza B 5. Pseudomonas 6. Neisseria 7. Citrobacter |
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Name the encapsulate yeast
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Cryptococcus
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What is the Jones Criteria for Rheumatic Fever
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1. Polyarthritis (joints)
2. Carditis 3. Subcutaneous Nodules 4. Erythema Marginatum 5. Syndenham Chorea |
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What are the causes of Eosinophilia
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NAACP
1. Neoplasms 2. Allergies/Asthma 3. Addison's Ds 4. Collagen Vascular Ds 5. Parasites |
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Name the IgA Nephropathies
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1. Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura (HSP)
2. Berger's 3. Alports |
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What are the risk factors for Primary liver cancer
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1. Hep B & C
2. Aflatoxin 3. Vinyl Chloride 4. Alcohol 5. Carbon Tetrachloride 6.Anyline Dyes 7.Smoking 8. Hemochromatosis 9. Benzene 10. Schistosomiasis |
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Name the 9 Live Vaccines
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1. Measles
2. Mumps 3. Rubella 4. Oral Polio 5. Rotavirus 6. Small Pox 7. BCG (TB) 8. Yellow Fever 9. Varicella |
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What are the killed vaccines
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1. Salk (polio)
2. Influenza 3. Rubella 4. Hepatitis A |
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What are the drugs that cause Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
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1. PCN
2. alpha-Methyldopa 3. Cephalosporins 4. Sulfa drugs 5. PTU 6. Anti-Malarials 7. Dapsone |
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What drugs cause autoimmune thrombocytopenia
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1. Aspirin
2. Heparin 3. Quinidine |
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What are the Sulfa containing drugs
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1. Sulfonamides
2. Sulfonylurea 3. Celebrex |
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What are the Pansystolic Murmurs
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1. Mitral Regurg (increased on expiration)
2. Tricuspid Regurg (inc on inspiration 3. Ventrical Septal Defect (inc of expiration) |
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What are the Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors
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1. Pyremethamine/Sulfadiazine
2. Trimethroprim-Sulfam Ethoxazole 3. Methotrexate |
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What are the Silver Staining bugs
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Bart Can Help Paint the Legion silver
1. Bartonella Henselae 2. Candida 3. H. pylori 4. Pneumocystis 5. Legionella |
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What are the blood gases with Restrictive Lung Disease
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1. Tachypnea
2. pCO2 - decreased 3. pO2 - decreased 4. pH - increased |
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What are the blood gases with Obstructive Lung Disease
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1. pO2 - increased or NL
2. pCO2 - increased 3. pH - decreased |
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What are the enzymes that show after an MI
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1. Troponin I
2. CKMB 3. LDH |
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What is the first MI enzyme to appear
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Troponin I
*appears - 2 hrs *peaks - 2 days * gone - 7 days |
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What is the 2nd MI enzyme to appear
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CK-MB
*appears - 6 hrs *peaks - 12 hrs *gone - 24 hrs |
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What is the 3rd MI enzyme to appear
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LDH
*appears - 1 day *peaks - 2 days *gone - 3 days |
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What is another name for Celebrex
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Celecoxib
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What type of inhibitor is Celebrex
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COX 2 specific
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What are the Macrophage deficiency diseases
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1. Chediak-Higasi
2. NADPH -oxidase deficiency |
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What is the 1-dose TX for H. ducreyi
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1. Azithromycin - 1 gram
2. Ceftriaxone - 250 mg IM |
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What is the 1-dose TX for Gardnerella
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Metronidazole
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What are the Side Effects of Thiazides and Loop diuretics
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1. Hyperglycemia
2. Hyperuricemia 3. Hypovolemia 4. Hypokalemia |
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What are the side effects of Loop diuretics
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OH DANG
1. Ototoxicity 2. Hypokalemia 3. Dehydration 4. Allergy 5. Nephritis (interstitial) 6. Gout |
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Name the Macrophages in various Tissue
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1. Brain - Microglia
2. Lung - Type 1 Pneumo 3. Liver- Kupffer 4. Spleen - RES cells 5. Kidney - Mesangial 6. Lymph Nodes - Dendritic 7. Skin - Langerhans 8. Bone - Osteoclasts 9. Connective Tissue - Histiocytes, Giant cells, Epithelioid |
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What 8 disease cause rashes on the Palms & Soles
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TRiCKSSSS
1. TSS (Toxic Shock Syndrome) 2. Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever 3. Coxsackie A (hand, foot & mouth ds) 4. Kawasaki 5. Scarlet Fever 6. Syphilis 7. Staph Scalded Skin Syndrom 8. Streptobacillus Moniliformis |
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What are the 4 sources of Renal Acid
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1. Plasma (RTA)
2. Ammonia production in the collection duct - 10% of Urea Cycle 3. Glutaminase 4. Carbonic Anhydrase |
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What hormones are produced by Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
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1. ACTH (MC)
2. ADH 3. PTH 4. TSH 5. ANP |
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What is the 1 dose TX for Candidiasis
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Ketoconazole - 150mg
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What is the 1 doxe TX for Vaginal Candidiasis
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Diflucan - 1 pill
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What is the 1 dose TX for Trichomonas
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Metronidazole
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What are the viruses related to Cancer
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1. HPV - Cervical Cancer
2. EBV - Lymphoma 3. HVB - Liver Carcinoma 4. HVC - Liver Carcinoma 6. - Kaposi |
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What is the Neuro-Musc disease concept
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1. Restrictive Blood GAs
2. dec pO2, dec pCO2, inc. pH 3. inc RR 4. inc Risk for Seizures |
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Name the periods of rapid growth
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1. Birth - 2 months
2. 4 -7years 3. Puberty |
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What is the ONLY immune deficiency with Low Calcium
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DiGeorge's Syndrome
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Name the Bugs with IgA Protease (it makes them resistant to Iga)
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1. S. Pneumonia
2. H. Influenza 3. Neisseria |
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What do Mast Cells Secrete
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1. Histamine
2. Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis (SRS-A) 3. Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor of Anaphalaxis (ECF-A) |
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What are the Secretions of Eosinophils and what is their purpose
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To keep mast cells under control
1. Histaminase 2. Arysulfatase 3. Heparin |
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What are the actions of E.Coli
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1. Secrete Vitamin K
2. Secrete Biotin 3. Secrete Folate 4. Secrete Pantothenic Acid 5. Aids in absorption of B12 |
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What are the Heart Block Clues
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1. Increased obdy temperature with a normal heart rate
2. HR should increase by 10bpm for every 1 degree increase in temperature |
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What do Macrophages release
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MHC II
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What do Th1 Secrete
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1. IL-2
2. IF-y |
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What do Th2 Secrete
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1. IL-4
2. IL-5 3. IL-6 4. IL-10 |
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What do ThO Secrete
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1. Th1
2. Th2 |
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What are the markers and action of T-Cytotoxic Cells
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1. CD-8 +
2. CD-4 - 3. Recognize MHC 1 4. markers CD-2 & CD-3 |
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What are the markers and action of T-Helper cells
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1. CD-4 +
2. Recognizes MHC 1 3. markers CD-2 & CD-3 |
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What does Elevated Cholesterol cause
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1. Xanthanthomas on extensor surfaces
2. increased risk for CAD |
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What do Elevated Triglycerides cause
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1. Xanthelasmas on eyelids and face
2. increased risk of Pancreatitis |
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What are the 4 causes of Severe Abd Pain
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1. Pancreatitis (EtOH)
2. Kidney Stones (bloody urine) 3. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 4. Ischemis Bowel (bloody diarrhea) |
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What are the 5 causes of SIADH
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SIADH
1. Small Cell Carcinoma 2. Increased intracranial pressure 3. A Pain 4. Drugs 5. Hypoxia |
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Cells of Neural Crest origin
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POT CLAMPS
1. Parafollicular cells 2. Odontoblast 3. Tracheal cartilage 4. Chromaffin Cells 5. Laryngeal cartilgae 6. All ganglion cells 7. Melanocytes 8. Pseudounipolar cells 9. Spiral Membrane (heart) |
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Ions and the EKG
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P-Waves = Ca++
QRS complex = Na+ S-T Interval = Ca++ T-waves = K+ U-wave = Na+ |
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Maximum Sinus Rate
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220 - age in years
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What diseases have Tri-Nucleotide repeats
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1. Huntington's
2. Myotonic Dystrophy 3. Fragile X 4. Spinal/Bulbar muscular atrophy (rare) |
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Low volume states with acidosis (not alkalosis)
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1. RTA
2. Diarrhea |
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MCC of Croup & Bronchiolitis
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1. Parainfluenza
2. RSV (ER this is #1) 3. Adenovirus 4. Influenza |
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What are the 4 D's of Pellagra
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1. Dermatitis
2. Diarrhea 3. Dementia 4. Death |
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Name the 5 types of Kidney Stones
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1. Calcium Oxalate (80)
2. Struvite 3. Uric Acid 4. Cysteine 5. Oxalate |
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What are the findings and TX for Pseudogout
|
1. Ca++ Pyrophosphate
2. + birefringent crystals 3. Rhomboid Crystals 4. MC in older patients 5. Seen equally in genders 6. TX = Colchicine |
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What is the MC Non-cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
|
1. VSD
2. ASD 3. PDA 4. Coarctation of aorta |
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What enzymes are NEVER seen in Glycolysis
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1. Pyruvate Carboxylase
2. PEP Carboxykinase 3. Fructose - 1,6-phosphatase 4. Glucose -6- phosphatase |
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What enzymes are ONLY seen in Glycolysis
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1. Hexokinase
2. Phosphofructokinase-1 3. Pyruvate Kinase |
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What are the Acis Fast Organisms
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1. Mycoplasma
2. Nocarda (partially, gram +) 3. Cryptosporidium (partially, protozoa) |
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What causes Microsteatosis
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1. Acetaminophen
2. Reye Syndrome 3. Pregnancy |
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What causes Macrosteatosis
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1. Alcohol
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What bacteria have Elastase
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1. Staph. Aureus
2. Pseudomonas |
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Bacteria w/toxins that inhibit EF-2
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1. Pseudomonas
2. Dipheria |
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Which organisms have Phage Mediated Toxins
|
Oh BED
1. "O" antigen (Salmonella) 2. Botulinum 3. Erythrogenic Toxin 4. Diptheria |
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Name the Segmented Viruses
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1. Arenavirdiae
2. Bunyavirdiae 3. Orthovirdiae 4. Reovirdiae |
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What are the functionso of Adhesion Molecules
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1. Lymphocytes Homing
2. Inflammation 3. Cell-cell interaction |
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What are the Esophageal/Gastric Cancer ristk factors
|
1. Smoking
2. decreased Pulmonary Capillary Wedge pressure |
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Name the bugs that cause Pulmonary Infiltrate w/Eosinophilia
|
NASSA
1. Necator Americanus 2. Ascaris Lumbricoides 3. Schistosomiasis 4. Strongyloides 5. Ankylostoma |
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What are the enzymes used by B12
|
1. Methyl Malonyl CoA Mutase
2. Homocystine Methyl Transferase |
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Who has susceptibility to pseudomonas and S. Aureus
|
1. Burn Patients
2. Cystic Fibrosis 3. Diabetes 4. Neutropenics |
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What 5 things will you see in Crohn's Disease
|
GIFTS
1. Granuloma 2. Ileum 3. Fistula 4. Transmural 5. Skip Lesions |
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What are the causes of widened S2
|
1. inc pO2
2. inc volume in Right Ventricle 3. Blood Transfusion 4. Supplemental O2 5. Rt. sided heart failure 6. Pregnancy 7. I.V. Fluids 8. ASD (fixed) 9. Deep breathing |
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Name the cavities of blood loss
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1. Pericardium
2. Intracranial 3. Mediastinum 4. Pleural cavity 5. Thighs 6. Retroperitoneum 7. Abdominal 8. Pelvis |
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What is unique about a Negative Stranded RNA
|
1. There is a 1-3 week prodromal period before onset of SXS
2. Must switch to positive stranded RNA before it can replicate |
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What is unique about Positive Stranded RNA
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1. Symptoms occur within 1 week or less
2. Don't have to swith before replicating |
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What are the Negative Stranded RNA that don't have to 'switch' to positive strand before replicating?
|
1. Hanta
2. Ebola 3. Yellow Fever |
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What are the Cyanotic Heart Diseases
|
1. Transposition of Great Vessels
2. Tetralogy of Fallot 3. Truncus Arteriosus 4. Tricuspid Atresia 5. Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return 6. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 7. Ebstein's Anomaly (mom's lithium) 8. Aortic Atresia 9. Pulmonic Atresia |
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What conditions are Least Likely to Depolarize
|
1. Hypermagnesemia
2. Hypercalcemia (except Atrium) 3. Hypokalemia 4. Hypernatremia |
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What conditions are Most Likely to Depolarize
|
1. Hypomagnesemia
2. Hypocalcemia (except Atrium) 3. Hyperkalemia 4. Hyponatremia |
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What hormones are produced by the Placenta
|
1. hCG
2. Inhibin 3. Human Placental Lactogen 4. Oxytocin 5. Progesterone 6. Estrogen |
|
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What are the uses for Pilocarpine
|
1. Cyctic Fibrosis
2. Closed Angle Glaucoma |
|
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What causes Dysguzia (dec taste)
|
1. Metronidazole
2. Clarithromycin 3. Zinc Deficiency |
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What is the Carcinoid Triad
|
1. Flushing
2. Wheezing 3. Diarrhea |
|
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How is Carcinoid Syndrome DX
|
By measuring 5-HIAA in the urine
|
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What is the MC location of a Carcinoid tumor
|
1. Primary = Appendix
2. Metastatic = pancreas & Ilium |
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What causes AVM (machinery murmur)
|
1. Heart: PDA
2. Elbow: dialysis fistula 3. Brain: Von Hippel-Lindau 4. Lungs: Osler-Weber-Rendu |
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What is the MCC of sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis
|
H. Influenza - A
(non-encapsulated, non-invasive) |
|
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What is the MCC of epiglottitis
|
H. Influenza - B
(encapsulated, invasive, IgA progease) |
|
|
What traits does H. Influenza have
|
1. Gram (-)
2. Pleomorphic 3. School of Fish |
|
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What bug causes Rust Colored Sputum
|
Strep. Pneumonia
(aka pneumococcus) |
|
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What is the MCC of infections in shunts and central lines
|
S. Epidermiditis
|
|
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How do you tell Catalase + Staphylococci apart
|
1. Aureas = Gold
2. Epidermidis = White 3. Saprophyticus = none |
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Strep. Pyogenes if the MCC of what infections
|
1. all throat infections
2. lymphangitis 3. Impedigo 4. Necrotizing Faceitis 5. Erysipelas 6. Scarlet Fever |
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What is the 2nd MCC of all other skin infections
|
Strep. Pyogenes
|
|
|
What are the diseases associated with Neutrophil Deficiencies
|
1. Job-Buckley Syndrome
2. Myeloperoxidase deficiency 3. NADPH-Oxidase deficiency 4. Neutropenia |
|
|
What are the symptoms of Compartment Syndrome
|
1. Pain (always 1st)
2. Pallor 3. Polkiothermia 4. Parathesia 5. Pulselessness (always last) |
|
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What are the itchiest rashes
|
1. Scabies
2. Lichen Planus 3. Urticaria 4. Dermatitis Herpetiformia |
|
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What are the oddities about Listeria
|
1. Only gram + with endotoxin
2. Crosses the Placenta 3. Lipid A is the toxic part 4. Causes Granulomas 5. Causes sepsis in neonates 6. comes from raw cabbage and spoiled milk |
|
|
What is the name and diseases of vitamin B1
|
Thiamin
1. Beriberi 2. Wernickes 3. Korsacoff |
|
|
What is the name and ds of vitamin B2
|
Riboflavin
1. Angular Stomatitis |
|
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What is the name and ds of vitamin B3
|
Niacin
1. Pellegra 2. 4 D's |
|
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What is the name for B4
|
Lipoic Acid
|
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What is the name for B5
|
Pantothenic Acid
|
|
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What is the name and ds for B6
|
Pyridoxine
1. Sezures |
|
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What is the name for B9
|
Folate
|
|
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What is the name and ds for B12
|
Cobalamine
1. Pernicious Anemia 2. Neuropathy |
|
|
What are the different 2nd messanger systems
|
1. cAMP
2. cGMP 3. IP3/DAG 4. Ca:Calmodulin 5. Ca+ 6. Tyrosine Kinase 7. NO |
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|
What is the clue for cAMP
|
1. it is the 90%
2. Sympathetic 3. CRH (cortisol) 4. Catabolic |
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What is the clue for cGMP
|
1. Parasympathetic
2. Anabolic |
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What are the clues for IP3/DAG
|
1. Neurotransmitter
2. NHRH 3. All hypothalamic hormones except cortisol 4. used by Smooth Muscle for Contraction |
|
|
What is the clue for Ca:Calmodulin
|
1. Used by smooth muscle for contraction by distension
|
|
|
What is the clue for Ca+
|
1. Used by Gastrin only
|
|
|
What is the clue for Tyrosine Kinase?
|
1. Used by Insulins
2. Used by ALL Growth Factors |
|
|
What is the clue for NO
|
1. Nitrates
2. Viagra 3. ANP 4. LPS |
|
|
What are the T & B cell deficiencies
|
1. WAS (W -Aldridge Syndrome)
2. SCID 3. CVID 4. HIV 5. HTLV1 |
|
|
What are the clues for WAS
|
1. Thrombocytopenia
2. IL-4 (it's a class switching problem) 3. Infection 4. Eczema 5. Decreased IgM |
|
|
What are the clues for CVID
|
1. Late Onset Bruton's (>1 yo)
2. Frameshift/Missense mutation 3. Tyrosine Kinase deficiency |
|
|
What are the clues for HIV & HTLV-1
|
1. T-cell>B-cell
2. CD4 rich 3. Brain 4. Testicles 5. Cervix 6. Blood Vessels |
|
|
What are the inhibitors of Complex 1 of the ETC
|
1. Amytal
2. Rotenone |
|
|
What are the inhibitors of Complex 2 of the ETC
|
1. Malonate
|
|
|
What are the inhibitors of Complex 3 of the ETC
|
1. Antimycin D
|
|
|
What are the inhibitors of Complex 4 of the ETC
|
1. Cyanide
2. Carbonmonoxide 3. Chloramphenicol |
|
|
What are the inhibiors of Complex 5 of the ETC
|
1. Oligomycin
|
|
|
What are the ETC chemical uncouplers
|
1. Aspirin
2. Dinitro-Prusside 3. Free Fatty Acids |
|
|
What type of uncoupler is aspirin
|
1. Physical uncoupler
|
|
|
What are the 4 sources of Renal Acid
|
1. Plasma
2. Urea Cycle 3. Collecting Ducts 4. Glutaminase |
|
|
Job-Buckley Syndrome is what type of deficiency
|
1. T & B-cell deficiency (d/t Tyrosine Kinase deficiency)
Presents as red headed female |
|
|
What are the B-cell deficiencies
|
1. Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia (Tyrosine Kinase deficiency)
2. Leukemias 3. Lymphomas some T&B-cell overlap ds |
|
|
What are the T-cell Deficiencies
|
1. DiGeorge's
2. HIV |
|
|
How does DiGeorge's present
|
1. Hypokalemia,
2. Hypocalcemia 3.problem w/3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches 4. deletion of chr 22 |
|
|
What are the 3 Quinolones and the one dose TX used to tx Gonorrhea
|
1. Ciprofloxacin (500mg po)
2. Ofloxacin (400mg po) 3. Gatifloxacin (400mg IM) |
|
|
What are the 4 enzymes needed to break down glycogen
|
1. Phosphorylase
2. Debranching enzyme 3. Alpha - 1,6 - Glucosidase 4. Phosphatase |
|
|
What are the 2 enzymes needed to make glycogen
|
1. Glycogen Synthase
2. Branching Enzyme |
|
|
What are the branching enzymes
|
1. Glycogen alpha -1,4 - glycosyl transferase
2. Glycogen alpha - 1,6 - glycosyl transferase |
|
|
What is the rate limiting enzyme in the break down of glycogen
|
Phosphorylase
|
|
|
What type of acidosis do you see with obstructive pulmonary ds
|
Respiratory acidosis
|
|
|
What are the Lysosomal Storage Diseases
|
1. Fabry's
2. Krabbe's 3. Gaucher's 4. Niemann-Pick 5. Tay-Sachs 6. Metachromatic Leukodystrophy 7. Hurler's 8. Hunter's |
|
|
What is the deficiency for Fabry's
|
alpha-galactosidase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Krabbe's
|
Galactosylceramide
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Gaucher's
|
Beta - glucocerebrosidase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Nicmann - Pick
|
Springomyelinase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Tay-Sachs
|
Hexosaminidase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
|
Arylsulfatase
|
|
|
What are the Lysosomal Storage Diseases
|
1. Fabry's
2. Krabbe's 3. Gaucher's 4. Niemann-Pick 5. Tay-Sachs 6. Metachromatic Leukodystrophy 7. Hurler's 8. Hunter's |
|
|
What is the deficiency in Hurler's
|
Iduronidase Sulfatase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency for Fabry's
|
alpha-galactosidase
|
|
|
What are the diseases associated with HLA - B27
|
1. Psoriasis
2. Ankylosing Spondylitis 3. IBD (Ulcerative Colitis) 4. Reiter's Syndrome |
|
|
What is the deficiency in Krabbe's
|
Galactosylceramide
|
|
|
What HLA is Psoriasis with RA associated with
|
HLA-13
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Gaucher's
|
Beta - glucocerebrosidase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Nicmann - Pick
|
Springomyelinase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Tay-Sachs
|
Hexosaminidase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
|
Arylsulfatase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Hurler's
|
Iduronidase Sulfatase
|
|
|
What are the diseases associated with HLA - B27
|
1. Psoriasis
2. Ankylosing Spondylitis 3. IBD (Ulcerative Colitis) 4. Reiter's Syndrome |
|
|
What HLA is Psoriasis with RA associated with
|
HLA-13
|
|
|
What are the Lysosomal Storage Diseases
|
1. Fabry's
2. Krabbe's 3. Gaucher's 4. Niemann-Pick 5. Tay-Sachs 6. Metachromatic Leukodystrophy 7. Hurler's 8. Hunter's |
|
|
What is the deficiency for Fabry's
|
alpha-galactosidase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Krabbe's
|
Galactosylceramide
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Gaucher's
|
Beta - glucocerebrosidase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Nicmann - Pick
|
Springomyelinase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Tay-Sachs
|
Hexosaminidase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
|
Arylsulfatase
|
|
|
What is the deficiency in Hurler's
|
Iduronidase Sulfatase
|
|
|
What are the diseases associated with HLA - B27
|
1. Psoriasis
2. Ankylosing Spondylitis 3. IBD (Ulcerative Colitis) 4. Reiter's Syndrome |
|
|
What HLA is Psoriasis with RA associated with
|
HLA-13
|
|
|
What are the Glycogen Storage diseases and the deficiency
|
1. Von Gierke's .....Glucose-6-Phosphate
2. Pompe's.......alpha-1,4- glucosidase 3. Cori's...... Debranching Enzyme 4. McArdles's......Glycogen Phosphorylase |
|
|
What feeds into the TCA cycle at Pyruvate
|
GAS
1. Glycine 2. Alanine 3. Serine |
|
|
What feeds into the TCA cycle at Acetyl-CoA
|
PITTLLe
1. Phenylanine 2. Isoleucine 3. Threonine 4. Tryptophan 5. Lysine 6. Leucine |
|
|
What feeds into the TCA at alpha-Ketoglutarate
|
1. Glutamate
2. Glutamine |
|
|
What feeds into the TCA at Succinyl CoA
|
PTT
1. Phenylalanine 2. Tryptophan 3. Tyrosine |
|
|
What feeds into the TCA cycle at Fumerate
|
1. Proline
|
|
|
What feds into the TCA cycle at Oxaloacetate
|
1. Aspartate
2. Asparigine |
|
|
What are the 4 steps of Beta Oxidation
|
1. Oxidation - 7 NADH - 21 ATP
2. Hydration 3. Oxidation - 7 FADH - 14 ATP 4. Thiolysis - 8 AcCoA - 96ATB = 131 ATP - 2 = 129 |
|
|
What are the Ab found in SLE
|
1. Anti-Smith
2. Anti-Cardiolipin 3. Anti-ds DNA |
|
|
What disease is anti-histone antibody found in
|
Drug induced SLE
|
|
|
What autoimmune disease has Anti-Topoisomerase
|
Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
|
|
|
What autoimmune disease has Anti-TSH receptors
|
Graves
|
|
|
What autoimmune disease has Anti-centromere Ab
|
CREST
|
|
|
What autoimmune disease has Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Ab
|
Goodpasture's
|
|
|
What does Goodpasture's have antibody toward
|
Type IV collagen
|
|
|
What autoimmune disease has Anti-Mitochondria
|
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
|
|
|
What autoimmune disease has Anti-hair follicle
|
Alopecia Areata
|
|
|
What autoimmune disease has Anti-IgG
|
Rheumatoid Arthritis
|
|
|
What autoimmune disease has Anti-Myelin receptors
|
Multiple Sclerosis
|
|
|
What autoimmune disease has Anti-gliaden & Anti-Gluten
|
Celiac Sprue
|
|
|
What are the Amino Acid Deficiencies?
|
PKU
Maple Syrup Urine Disease Cyctinuria |
|
|
What deficiency causes PKU?
|
Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, needed to make tyrosine, leads to a lack of Dopamine, Epi and RE and Melanin
|
|
|
What deficiency causes Maple Syrup Urine Disease?
|
Deficiency in branched amino acids (Leu, Lys, Val), defective transport in the kidneys
|
|
|
What deficiency causes Cystinuria?
|
Cystathione Synthase Deficiency; Cysteine, ornithine, lysine and arginine en up in urine (COLA). Can develop stones.
|
|
|
What are the Acidic Amino Acids?
|
Aspartic Acis (ASP) and Glutamic Acid (GLU)
|
|
|
What are the basic amino acids?
|
Arginine & Lysine
|
|
|
What amino acids have sulfur bonds?
|
Cystine & Methionine
|
|
|
What amino acids have 'O' bonds?
|
Serine, Threonine & Tryptophan
|
|
|
What amino acids have 'N' bonds?
|
Aspartate & Glutamine
|
|
|
What amino acid are branched?
|
Leucine, Isoleucine & Valine
|
|
|
What amino acids are bulky (aromatic)?
|
Phenylalanine, Threonine & Tryptophan
|
|
|
What is the smallest amino acid?
|
Glycine
|
|
|
What amino acid is responsible for bends/twists?
|
Proline
|
|
|
What are the Ketogenic amino acids?
|
Lysine & Leucine
|
|
|
What are the amino acids that are Gluco & Ketogenic?
|
Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Threonine, Tryptophan
|
|
|
What are the glucogenic amino acids?
|
All the rest: His, Asn, Val, Arg, Tyr, Ala, Glu, Cys, Gly, Asp, Pro, Gln, Met
|
|
|
What are the essential amino acids?
|
*PVT TIM HALL
Phe, Val, Thr, Trp, Iso, Met, His Arg, Leu, Lys |
|
|
If there is a deficiency in Phenylalanine (PKU), what amino acid becomes essential?
|
Tyrosine
|
|
|
If there is a deficiency in Methionine what amino acid becomes essential?
|
Cystine
|
|
|
Where does Trypsin cut?
|
right of Arg, Lys
|
|
|
Where does Chymotrypsin cut?
|
right of Phe, Tyr, Trp
|
|
|
Where does Elastase cut?
|
right of Gly, Ser, Ala
|
|
|
Where does Mercaptoethanol cut?
|
Met, Cys
|
|
|
Where does Aminopeptidase cut?
|
right of amino terminal
|
|
|
Where does Carbosypeptidase cut?
|
Left of carboxy terminal
|
|
|
Where does Cyanobromide cut?
|
right of Met
|
|
|
What is the Ab seen in Type I Diabetes
|
anti-Islet cell receptor
|
|
|
What is the Ab seen in Vitiligo?
|
anti-Melanocyte
|
|
|
What is the Ab seen Myasthenia Gravis
|
anti-Acetycholine receptor
|
|
|
What is the Ab seen in Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?
|
anti-Ribonuclear protein
|
|
|
What is the Ab seen in Pernicious anemia?
|
anti-Parietal cell receptor
(aka anti-Intrinsic Factor) |
|
|
What is the Ab seen in Pemphigus Vulgaris?
|
Anti Epidermal anchoring protein receptor
(aka anti-Intercellular junctions of epidermal cells) |
|
|
What is the Ab seen in Bullous Penphigoid?
|
anti-Epidermal basement membrane protein
|
|
|
What is the Ab seen in Hashimoto's
|
anti-thyroglobin
anti-Microsomal |
|
|
What is the Ab seen in Scleroderma?
|
anti-smooth muscle
anti-SCL-70 |
|
|
What is the Ab seen in Sjogren's?
|
anti-Rho
anti-La anti-SSA anti-SSB |
|
|
What is the Ab seen in Wegener's?
|
C-ANCA
anti-Proteinase |
|
|
What is the Ab seen Polyarteritis Nodosa?
|
P-ANCA
|
|
|
What is the Ab seen in Idiopathic Thrombocytic Purpura?
|
anti-Platelet
(aka anti-glycoprotein IIb/.IIIa) |
|
|
What are the Co-factors for Pyruvate DH, alpha-ketogluterate DH & Branched chain DH?
|
*TLC For Nancy
TPP....Thiamin (B1) Lipoic Acid...B4 CoA... Panthothentic Acid (B5) FAD... Riboflavin (B2) NAD... Niacin (B3) |
|
|
What are the diseases with X-Linked Recessive inheritance?
|
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
CGD (NADPH Oxidase defic) Duchenne' MD Color Blindness Hemophilia G6PD Lesch0Nyhan Pyruvate DH defic Fabry's Hunter's |
|
|
What are the diseases with X-linked dominant inheritance?
|
Vitamin D resistant Rickets
|
|
|
Where is the clot in Renal Arter Stenosis?
|
clot in front of renal artery
|
|
|
Where is the clot in Renal Failure?
|
clot oblocks off entire renal artery
|
|
|
What is seen in Glomerular Nephritis?
|
Inflamed glomeruli
|
|
|
Where is the clot in Papillary necrosis?
|
clot in papilla
|
|
|
where is the clot in Interstitial Nephrititis
|
clot off medulla
|
|
|
Where is the clot in Focal Segmental GN?
|
clot off pieces of nephron
|
|
|
Where is the clot in Rapidly Progressive GN?
|
clot off lots of nephrons
|
|
|
MC Nephrotic disease in adults?
|
Membranous GN
|
|
|
MC renal dis in blacks/hispanics?
|
Focal Segmental GN
|
|
|
MC renal disease in HIV/Drug users?
|
Focal Segmental GN
|
|
|
MC Renal Mass?
|
Cyst
|
|
|
MC malignant renal tumor in adults?
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
MC malignant renal tumor in kids
|
Wilm's tumor
|
|
|
MCC of RPGN?
|
Goodpasture's
|
|
|
MC nephrotic disease in kids
|
Minimal Change Disease
|
|
|
What is seen with RPGN?
|
crescent formations
|
|
|
What illness has occured prior to onset of Minimal Change Disease?
|
URI 2 weeks prior
|
|
|
What is the rescue for tPA?
|
Aminocaproic acid
|
|
|
What is the rescue for Streptokinase?
|
Aminocaproic acid
|
|
|
What is the rescue for Warfarin?
|
Vitamin K
|
|
|
What is the rescue for Heparin?
|
Protamine Sulfate
|
|
|
What is the rescue for an active hemorrhage following thrombolytic administration?
|
Fresh Frozen Plasma
|
