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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Committee Functions
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study issues and provide expertise
channel ambition represent groups, institutional credit taking |
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House Committee vs Senate Committee
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House more reliant (senate more work on floor). House more specialized.
House originates tax bills so ways and means more powerful. Sen. 3-5 comm Reps. 1-2 |
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Types of Committees
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Standing-originate
select-originate joint conference |
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Partisan Makeup
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NEgotiated every Congress based on margin 1.3:1 to 2:1
more important committees have largest margins |
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Johnson Rule
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LBJ rule that junior sens get 1 good before a senior gets a 2nd good
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Chair Procedure
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originally party leader control till canon revolt in 1910
Now seniority mostly Senate:inviolate w. bidding house:dems confim vote reps 1994 term limits (bad idea caused retirements) |
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Subcommittees
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smaller more specialized
congressional receptor for the iron triangle |
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Subcommittee Bill of Rights
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1973 by House Dems
written jurisdictions right to bid for membership and chairs |
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Unhappy with Committee Assignments?
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request transfer at beginning of new session
classes of comm:prestige, policy, consts, undesired |
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HOUSE Committee Values (Grosewart Scores)
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Ways and Means, Appropriations, Rules, Energy, Armed Services, For Affairs, Budget
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Purposes of Hearings
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Civics Book information gathering is only part of story. Symbolism, Rarely change members minds, Show
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Republican Revoltion and Committees
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3 Comms Eliminated
Staff cut 1/3 limits on subcommittees sub staff controlled by comm chair ban proxy voting publish all votes on bills and amends |
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Distributive Theories
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Agenda Setting
Gate Keeping Structure induced quilibrium Credit Claiming (mayhew) Take it or Leave it nature-logrolling PROBLEMS-ways around comms and gatekeeping, amend opportunities |
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Informational View
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Provide info to the floor
Interested members on topics |
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Partisan Perspectives
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Conditional party govt-mcs only delegate to leadership when they are homogeneous
SBC Bill of Rights-Prevent chairs from blocking bills Rules Comm-Arm of leadership Bypass Committees All point against two theories |
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Responsible Party Govt
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policy committments to ehte electorate by unified candidates..ability to implement (unified)...strong opposition for accountability...partisan to provide meaningful choices
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Party Cartels (Cox and McCubbins
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Name brand-benefit of shared name and solve collective action problems of legislation
Party Cartels-cartel rules and leadership use institution advantage to hold power of their members |
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Conditional Part Govt
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party polarization is necessary from strong leadership(homo in, hetero out)
Party polarization incentivizes MC's to give leaders power |
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Preference based Theory
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median voter is whats important, parties dont provide understanding to congress
HOWEVER- Downs argues parties make policy to win elections therefore med voter is voting for the party anyways |
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Bipartisanship
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Chiat argument is that bip is worthless as a term and doesnt indicate level of functioning govt
delay- partisanship is good govt |
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Historical Evolution of Parties
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Party Ticket->party centered elections->reforms->candidate driven elections
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Duverger's Law
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SMPD law that 2 parties will emerge dominant given median voter theorem
promote 2 party system, 3rd parties cant get into office and when they do have to caucus with 1 of 2 for power. |
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House Leadership
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Speaker is Const. Mandated.
Effort for Regional Balance in system (austin,boston) Extensive Whip System |
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Senate Leadership
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Pres Pro Tem and VP are mandated but largely ceremonial
like herding cats |
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Leadership Responsibilities
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organize chamer
schedule influence consult w other branches spokesperson campaign/fundraise |
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Measures of Party Strength
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Party voting 50 d v 50 r
cohension 80/20=60 party unity |
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Leadership Tools
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sanctions, rewards
The agenda- Hastert rule=no vote on the floor that would divide the party |
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6 Levels of influence on Members
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1. Constituency (hard to discern filter thru heirarchy
2.member preferences 3. party 4.commitee membership 5.interest groups 6. president(if same party) |
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FENNO's Member Goals
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Reelectio
Policy Power w/in institution |
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Kingdon's Model of Consensus and Roll Call Voting
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cue taking and field of forces
salience of the issue, position of actors |
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Role of Deliberation (quirk)
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policy legitimacy, public educaiton, intelligent decision making
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Two Types of Bargaining
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non negotiated-unilateral action(leadership) or anticipated reaction
Negotiated-logrolling, time logrolling, compromise, side payments |
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Collective Dilemma in Congress
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institutional dilemma-FEC reporting
Policy Dilemma-trans bill and bridge to nowhere |
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Keystone Argument
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Constituent services get members elected therefore incentive for bad buraeucracy to increase the deman for their services
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Fiorina Complaint
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National debate is dominated by the 10% of extremists on either side not over attentiveness that is the keystone argument
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Fenno
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Home Style
one on one presentation independence, issue focused, leadership easier to defend a diffucult vote than a flip flop |
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Bianco
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Trust in Member depends on home styl
share characteristics with constituents given more leeway mc background gives trust in different areas |
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Pork
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CAGW definition or in the eye of the beholder
number of earmarks 4155 in 1994, 15268 in 2005 (real $ value is the same) |
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AGAINST PORK
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rewards special interests over tax payer
currency of corruption corrupts competitive market entrenches incumbants budget defecits |
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FOR PORK
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waste to some is essential to others
grease in leg process 1% of fed budget |
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FRANCES LEE CHAPTER
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geography- is bigger determinant of constituent interests than mere pork
interest groups-link to constituency makes the appeal stronger Public Opinion and Salience Pork is smaller % of budget today |
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The Courts and the Constitution
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no req for fed bench->president has discretion in appts. but great difficulty in shaping courts bc judges change though 90% have shared party with president
Senate=advice and consent...consent clear advice not |
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Senate Confirmation History
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advice part not clear (screen, provide names??)
28 nominees rejected only 2 bc of qualifications the other 26 for politics (bork) |
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Nuclear Option
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arose from increase in senate role in lower court appointments courtesy->rejection and filibuster
so...Gang of 14 agreed to rules of fillibusters for such occasions |
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Marbury v Madison
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judicial review->.25% struck down
some argue it wasnt the landmark case it is made out to be..not until late 19th c. that SC cited it |
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Supreme Court vs. Other Branches
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it has neither the purse nor the sword->strongest when unanimous
SC stay out of political disputes |
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2 Views of Executive Power
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Neustadt:power to persuade, pres as a clerk
Locke-Prerogative power, action in the absence of specific authorization |
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Neustadt
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Power to persuade: rarely lead thru command rather have to persuade this power is based on->
Professional Reputation, Public Prestige |
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Public Opinion Trends President
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declining support after honeymoon (clinton Ike excpetions
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Cong vs. President Outcomes
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Inaction
Congressional Opposition (either one can be dominant) Compromise-both give up something Consensus-agree on policy flight-anticipate a battle so move around congress (executive order or go public) |
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The Two Presidencies
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Foreign-pres granted deference though reduced in last 30 years by intermestic issues
Domestic-battlegrounds |
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War Powers
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Congress-declare War, raise monies armies
Pres-comm in chief Strong Pres Interpretation-change from make war to declare grants president leeway, separate power of purse from power of sword |
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Use of Force
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5 congressionally authorized wars
unauthorized are many |
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Presidential Prerogative Power in War
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Lincoln-bypassed congress in civil war
Roosevelt-initial threats of bypassing W |
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US v Curtis Wright
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1934
support from presidential initiative after court upheld presidential embargo of paraguay and uraguay |
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Korematsu v US
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1944
court upheld internment of japanese as valid exercise of military discretion |
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Youngstown Sheet and Tube v Sawyer
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1952
court rules Truman cannot nationalize steel mills. no unlimited emergency prerogative even in wartime |
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War Powers Act
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1973
reaction to vietnam and nixons expansion into cambodia despite congressional restriction -requires pres to consult in every possible instance with congress before sending in troops -limits use of troops to 60 days 30 mroe with ext unless congress approves -it has had no effect on power of pres |
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Signing Statements
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pronoucements issued by pres when signing a law to
1.provide presidents interpretation of the law 2.announce constitutional limits 3.directions to exec branch on implementation W=435 in first term more than all others combined |
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Public Trust in Congress
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Hibbing distinguishes btwn the body and ones individual member. trust individual you know but not the whole
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