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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phonology
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the study of sound system or sound pattern
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Morphology
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the study of word formation
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Morpheme
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Smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function.
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Historical linguistics
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the study of language change over time
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Semantics
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The study of linguistic meaning.
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Idiolect
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An individual's particular variety of speaking.
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Dialect
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A variation of a language that is mutually intelligible with other varieties.
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Conversions
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New words that are formed by taking a verb and creating a noun.
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Jargon
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Vocabulary words that are usually only used in specific vocations.
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Dialect continuum
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a range of dialects spoken across a large geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as the distances become greater.
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Isogloss
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A line drawn on a dialect map marking the boundary of an area where a particular linguistic feature is found.
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Blend
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In speech production, a production error in which two words "fuse" into a single item. In language change, a new word is created by combining the parts of two different words, usually the beginning of one word and the end of another.
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Sociolect
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Dialect associated with a particular social or economic class.
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Phonetics
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the study of speech sounds
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Syntax
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the study of sentence formation or grammar
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Pragmatics
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the study of how the meaning conveyed by a word or sentence depends on the context in which it is used
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Applied Linguistics
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application of linguistics to language teaching and learning
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Anthropological linguistics
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the study of relationship between language and culture
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Sociolinguistics
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the study of relationship between language and social structure
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Neurolinguistics
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the study of relationship between language and brain
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Psycholinguistics
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the study of relationship between language and cognitive structures
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Genderlect
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dialect spoken by different gender
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linguistic diversity
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geographical isolation, social stratification
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Genderlect
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dialect spoken by different gender
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linguistic diversity
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geographical isolation, social stratification
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Example of compounding
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freeway
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Example of clipping
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math
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Example of blending
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brunch
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Example of Acronym
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NASA (forms a pronounceable word)
Abbreviation |
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Example of Initialism
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USA (doesn't form a pronounceable word.. we say U.S.A.) Abbreviation
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Example of Coinage
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Kleenex (words that are created "out of thin air")
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Example of conversion
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walk (started out as a verb- to walk, can be used as a noun- to go for a walk)
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Example of eponymy
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Washington D.C.
Words (often places, inventions, activities, etc.) that are named for persons somehow connected with them. |
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Example of back formation
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orientate (comes from the noun orientation- creates a new base form)
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Characteristics of human languages
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1. Creativity
2. Arbitrariness 3. Non-biological basis of variation 4. Productivity 5. Complexity/ systematicity |
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What kinds of variations are found in dialects?
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1. Phonetic variation
2. Vocabulary variation 3. Syntactic variation 4. Morphological variation 5. Semantic variation |
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What are three different ways that languages may be different from each other?
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1. Accent
2. Morphology 3. Syntax |
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Prescriptive Grammar
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Prescribing normative rules of language
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Descriptive Grammar
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Describes how language is used in context
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Argot
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Vocabulary of socially stigmatized groups (drug users lingo for example)
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Taboo
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Socially prohibited vocabulary ("shit" is inappropriate to say in some settings)
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