Post Partrum Cow 2

Front 1

Define what Retained Foetal membranes are?

Back 1

Partial or completely retained membranes >12 hours post partrum.

Failure of normal third stage labour.

Front 2

What is the incidences of RFM in most herds?

Back 2

3-10%

Front 3

Aetiology of RFM?

Back 3

Failure of the foetal cotyledonary villi to seperate from the maternal caruncles and/or primary uterine inertia.

Front 4

What are factors predisposing to RFM?

Back 4

1) Premature parturition- Immature placentomes -twins, late abortions, induced births (Steroids)

2) Oedema of the chorionic villi due to trauma- dystocia, caesarean, following uterine tosion.

3) Pathological inflammation- e.g. placentitis by bacillus licheniformis

4) Uterine inertia- Hypocalcaemia, hyposelenaemia, hydrops, twins.

Front 5

Clinical signs of retained foetal membranes?

Back 5

Putrid placenta handing out from vulva can be inside also.

She may be straining to pass the placenta.

Usually not systemically unwell unless she develops puerperal metritis.

Front 6

Sequalae of events of retained foetal membranes?

Back 6

Spontaneous expulsion usually after 5-10 days.

Can go on to develop acute puerperal metritis as the RFM decrease phagocytic function.

No impact on fertility unless associated with metritis.

Front 7

Methods to treat a cow with RFM?

Back 7

1) Manual removal

2) Ecbolic drugs- Oxytocin, PGF2a, calcium salts.

3) Intrauterine antibiotics/ pessaries.

4) Systemic antibiotics.

Front 8

How do we manually treat RFM?

Back 8

Gentle manual traction only.

Best attempt manual removal 3-5 days after.

C/I if doesnt come away easily or with metritis.

Front 9

What is the incidence of cystic ovarian disease in cattle?

Back 9

5-30%

Usually 20-60 days post partrum.

Often in 2nd-3rd lactation high yielding cows.

Front 10

What are the economic and production implications of cystic ovarian disease?

Back 10

Takes longer to get a cow in calf so leads to financial losses.

Front 11

What is the definition of cystic ovarian disease?

Back 11

Fluid filled structure >2.5 cm in diameter present for >10 days on one or both ovaries in the absence of a CL.

Front 12

Name the two types of cysts?

Back 12

1) Follicular cysts.

2) Luteinised/ Luteal cysts.

Front 13

What are follicular cysts?

Back 13

Thin walled, non progesterone producing cysts.

Front 14

What are luteinised cysts?

Back 14

Thicker walled, progesterone producing, look like doughnuts.

Front 15

Aetiology of cystic ovarian disease?

Back 15

Failure of the LH surge around time of normal ovulation.

Or Failure of a follicle to respond to LH.

The follicle thus fails to ovulate becomes atretic continues to grow and forms a cyst.

Front 16

What are reasons for failure of the LH surge?

Back 16

1) Stress!!!!!!

2) Metritis/endometritis.

3) B- carotene deficiency- High conc/ low greens.

4) Plant based oestrogens.

Front 17

How does stress lead to a failure of the LH surge? Examples of stress?

Back 17

Causes the release of CORTISOL which interferes with hypothalmus/pituatary interaction and blocks or delays normal LH surge or may alter LH receptor activity.

NEB

Change of diet.

High yield.

Transport.

Front 18

Clinical signs of follicular cysts?

Back 18

Anoestrus mainly.

Occasional nymphomania- irregular or recurrent oestrus.

Front 19

Signs of luteal cysts?

Back 19

Anoestrus

Front 20

How can we diagnose ovarian cystic disease?

Back 20

Most detected on routine pp checks.

Rectal palpation.

Milk/blood progesterone assay - <2ng/ml follicular cyst > this luteal cyst.

Rectal ultrasound.

Front 21

Back 21

Follicular cyst and normal follicle.

Front 22

Back 22

Lutenized cyst and a normal follicle.

Front 23

How can we treat a cow with a cyst?

Back 23

GnRH- induces the LH surge.

Human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone.

Progesterone- Prid/cidr.

Prostaglandin F2a.

Manual rupture.

Front 24

If you are absolutely positive the cyst is luteal what can we use to get rid of it?

Back 24

Prostaglandin.

Front 25

If positive it is a follicular cyst what can we use to treat it?

Back 25

Prid/cidr for 10-12 days then remove and get oestrous in 2-3 days.

Front 26

If you are unsure of the cyst type how can you treat it?

Back 26

GnRH +/- PG in 7-14 days if not seen in oestrus insert a PRID/CIDR for 10-12 days and inject PG on removal