Positive Reinforcement

Front 1

any pleasant or desirable consequence that follows a response and increases the probablity that the response will be repeated

Back 1

positive reinforcement

Front 2

the termination of an unpleasant condition after a response, which increases the probability that the response will be reapeated

Back 2

negative reinforcement

Front 3

a reinforcer that is acquired or learned through association eith other reinforcers

Back 3

secondary reinforcer

Front 4

reinforcerment that is ministered after every sesired or correct response: most effective method

Back 4

contiuous reinforcement

Front 5

a reinforcer that fulfils a basic physical need for survival and does not depend on learning

Back 5

primary reinforcer

Front 6

any event that follows a response and strenghthens or increases the probability that the response will be reapeated

Back 6

reinforcement

Front 7

an operant conditioning technique that consists of gradually molding a desired behavior.

Back 7

shaping

Front 8

a soundproof chamber with a device for delivering food to an animal sucject

Back 8

skinner box

Front 9

a series of gradual steps,each of which is more similar to the final sedired response

Back 9

successive approximation

Front 10

a stimulous that signals whether a certain response or beghavior is likely yo be rewarded ignored or punished

Back 10

discriminative stimulous

Front 11

a pattern of reinforcement in which some but not all correct responses are reinforced

Back 11

partial reinforcement

Front 12

a systematic process for administering partial reinforcement that produced a distinct rate and patter of responses and degress od resistance to extinction

Back 12

schedule if reinforcement

Front 13

the greater resistance to extinction that pccurs when a potion, rather than all of the correct responses are reinforced

Back 13

partial reinforcement effect

Front 14

the removal of a pleasant stimulus or the application of an unpleasant stimulus therby lowering the probablity of a response

Back 14

punishment

Front 15

learning to avoid events or conditions associates with aversive consequences or phobias

Back 15

avoidance learning

Front 16

a passive resignation to aversive conditions that is learned through repeated exposure to inexcapable or unavoidable aversive events

Back 16

learned helplessness

Front 17

anything that follows a response and strenghthens or increases the probablity that the responce will be repeated

Back 17

reinforcer

Front 18

the use of sensative equiptment to give people precise feedback about internal physological processes so that they can learn, with practice to exercise control over them

Back 18

biofeedback

Front 19

a method of changing behavior through a systematic program based on the learning prociples of classical conditioning operant conditioning or observational learning also called behavior therapy

Back 19

behavior modificatio

Front 20

a behavior modification technique that rewards appropriate behavior with tokens that can be exchanged later for desired items or privleges

Back 20

token economy

Front 21

mental processes such as thinking knowing problem solving remembering and forming mental representations

Back 21

cognitive processes

Front 22

the sudden realization of the realationship between elements in a problem situations which makes the solution apparent

Back 22

insight

Front 23

learning by observing the behavior of other and the consequences of that bbehavior learning by imitation.

Back 23

observational learning

Front 24

the individual who demonstrates a behavior or whose behavior is imitated

Back 24

model

Front 25

another name for observational learning

Back 25

modeling

Front 26

learning a new behavior from a model through the acuisition of a new responses

Back 26

modeling effect

Front 27

exhibiting a behavior similar to that shown by a model in an unfamiliar situation

Back 27

elicitation effect

Front 28

displaying a previously suppressed behavior because a model does so without recieving punishment

Back 28

disinhibitory effect

Front 29

suppressing a behavior because a model is punished for displaying the behavior

Back 29

inhibitory effect

Front 30

a stimulus that elicits a specific unconditioned response without prior learning

Back 30

unconditioned stimulus

Front 31

a nuetral stimulus that after repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus becomes associated with it and elicits a conditioned response

Back 31

conditioned response

Front 32

conditioning that occurs when conditioned stimulus are linked together to form a seriers of signals

Back 32

higher-order conditioning

Front 33

in classical conditioning the weaking and eventual dissapearence of the conditioned response as a result of repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus in operant conditioning

Back 33

extinction

Front 34

a relatively perminent changed in behavior, knowledege, capability or attitude that is acquired through expireence and cannot be attributed to illness injury or maturation

Back 34

learning

Front 35

a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate on stimulus with another

Back 35

classical conditioning

Front 36

any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds plural is stimuli

Back 36

stimulus

Front 37

an inborn unlearned automatic response (such as blinking,sucking,and grasping.) to a particular environmental stimulus

Back 37

reflex

Front 38

a learned involuntary response

Back 38

conditioned reflexes

Front 39

a response that is elicitated by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning

Back 39

unconditioned response

Front 40

the reappearance of an extingished response ( in a weaker form) when an organism is exposed tot he priginal conditioned stimulus following a rest period

Back 40

spontaneous recovery

Front 41

in classical conditioning the tendency to make a conditioned response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus.

Back 41

gemeralization

Front 42

in classical conditioning the learned ability to distinguish between similar stimuli so that the conditioned response occurs only to the original conditioned stimulus

Back 42

discrimination

Front 43

the intense dislike and or avoidance of a particular food that has been associated with nausea or discomfort

Back 43

taste aversion

Front 44

an approach to problem solving in which a solution after another is tried in no particular order until an answer is found

Back 44

trial and error

Front 45

one of thorndikes laws or learning, which states that the consequences or effect of a response will determine whether the tendancy to respond in the same way in the future will be strenghthened or weaking

Back 45

law of effect

Front 46

a type od learning in which the consequences of behavior are manipulated in order to increase or decrease the frquency of an exsisting response or to SHAPE an entirely new response

Back 46

operant conditioning